1950年代初期息县土地改革研究
发布时间：2018-09-11 07:40
【摘要】： 中国自古以来以农立国,土地问题始终困扰着历代统治者。土地问题的关键,主要是土地的集中与分散,也即土地产权或所有权的转移。土地太过集中,必然导致广大贫困阶层的不满乃至反抗;土地太过分散,当然也不利于土地的开发利用,不利于土地经营。因此,关于土地制度的改革,可以说在中国一直都在进行,历代统治者总是在集中与分散间寻找平衡点。进入近代,随着工业化发展,土地问题更加严重,农业破产、农村衰落、农民日趋贫困化,成为近代中国历史演进的主线之一。如何解决土地问题,近代以来作过许多探索,孙中山的耕者有其田,国共两党所主导的土地改革,其实都是在设法寻找中国问题根本解决之道。 本文着重研究的是1950年代河南息县的土地改革。根据中共中央相关文件和中共信阳地委指示,息县九个区三百多个乡于1950年代初分三批进行土地改革,至1952年秋,息县的土地关系基本理顺,土地集中问题获得解决,农民拥有土地所有权,农村生产关系得到调整。息县土地改革成就是巨大的,地主阶级消灭了,农民获得了土地支配权,农村土地占有制度日趋合理。然而由于土地改革过程中各种错误思想的干扰,息县土地改革也存在着一些问题,对息县后来的社会发展也留下了一些负面影响。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, China has been founded by agriculture, the land issue has been puzzling the rulers of successive dynasties. The key of land problem is the centralization and dispersion of land, that is, the transfer of land property right or ownership. If land is too centralized, it will inevitably lead to discontent and even resistance from the broad masses of the poor; too scattered land is not conducive to the development and utilization of land, and is not conducive to land management. Therefore, the reform of land system can be said to be carried out all the time in China, successive rulers always seek a balance between centralization and dispersion. In modern times, with the development of industrialization, the land problem becomes more serious, the agriculture goes bankrupt, the countryside declines, and the peasants become poor day by day, which becomes one of the main lines of the historical evolution of modern China. Many explorations have been made on how to solve the land problem since modern times. Sun Zhongshan's tillers have their fields, and the land reform led by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is actually trying to find a fundamental solution to the Chinese problem. This paper focuses on the land reform in Xi County, Henan Province in the 1950's. According to the relevant documents of the CPC Central Committee and the instructions of the CPC Xinyang Prefectural Committee, more than 300 townships in nine districts of Xixian County carried out land reform in three batches in the early 1950s. By the autumn of 1952, the land relations in Xixian County were basically straightened out, and the problem of land concentration was solved. Farmers own land ownership, rural relations of production have been adjusted. The achievements of land reform in Xinjian County were great, the landlord class was eliminated, the peasants obtained the land control right, and the rural land ownership system became more and more reasonable. However, due to the interference of various wrong ideas in the process of land reform, there are some problems in the land reform in Xixian, which have left some negative effects on the later social development of Xixian.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2236044
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, China has been founded by agriculture, the land issue has been puzzling the rulers of successive dynasties. The key of land problem is the centralization and dispersion of land, that is, the transfer of land property right or ownership. If land is too centralized, it will inevitably lead to discontent and even resistance from the broad masses of the poor; too scattered land is not conducive to the development and utilization of land, and is not conducive to land management. Therefore, the reform of land system can be said to be carried out all the time in China, successive rulers always seek a balance between centralization and dispersion. In modern times, with the development of industrialization, the land problem becomes more serious, the agriculture goes bankrupt, the countryside declines, and the peasants become poor day by day, which becomes one of the main lines of the historical evolution of modern China. Many explorations have been made on how to solve the land problem since modern times. Sun Zhongshan's tillers have their fields, and the land reform led by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is actually trying to find a fundamental solution to the Chinese problem. This paper focuses on the land reform in Xi County, Henan Province in the 1950's. According to the relevant documents of the CPC Central Committee and the instructions of the CPC Xinyang Prefectural Committee, more than 300 townships in nine districts of Xixian County carried out land reform in three batches in the early 1950s. By the autumn of 1952, the land relations in Xixian County were basically straightened out, and the problem of land concentration was solved. Farmers own land ownership, rural relations of production have been adjusted. The achievements of land reform in Xinjian County were great, the landlord class was eliminated, the peasants obtained the land control right, and the rural land ownership system became more and more reasonable. However, due to the interference of various wrong ideas in the process of land reform, there are some problems in the land reform in Xixian, which have left some negative effects on the later social development of Xixian.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 冯莉;新中国新疆土地改革研究[D];新疆师范大学;2011年
，本文编号：2236044
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