二战期间美国在华军事投入研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 17:03

【摘要】：1939年9月,第二次世界大战爆发。随着德军在欧洲的速胜,日本在亚太地区的侵略扩张迅速升级。基于先欧后亚的总战略,美国开始考虑在中国进行有限的军事投入,支持中国抗战。1941年12月太平洋战争爆发后,美国参战,其亚洲战略是将中国作为反击日本陆军的主战场以及对日总反攻的主要基地。为此,中美两国正式接成军事同盟,共同对日作战,美国在华的军事投入显著增强。1943年8月魁北克会议后,尽管美国亚洲战略有所转变,中国战场降低为配合太平洋作战的一个辅助战场,但是,美国在华军事投入并未减少,而是继续增加。本文以美国官方史料为依据,对二战时期美国亚洲战略的转变以及在华军事投入的增加过程进行了比较详细的介绍,包括在华美军的兵种、番号、重要战斗、战绩等;对影响美国在华军事投入的原因,也作了一定的分析;目的是更为客观的呈现二战期间美国在中国战场的行动举措,较为公允的评价美国在反抗日本法西斯战争中的作用。本文正文包括四部分: 第一部分论述二战爆发后美国对华政策渐趋积极,开始考虑在中国进行有限的军事投入,以租借法案适用中国,并支持民间志愿者飞虎队援华抗战;第二、第三部分以魁北克会议为分水岭,分别阐述美国的亚洲战略及在华军事投入情况,包括在华美军的兵种、部队番号、军队数量,以及作战行动等情况;第四部分探讨影响美国在华军事投入的具体原因。总的来说,二战爆发后,美国在华军事投入呈现出持续增强的态势。尽管种种因素对其投入力度确实有所干扰、限制,但是,大体上,美国的行动举措表现出极强的一致性,基本目标是维持中国抗战使之不致崩溃,以便将日本陆军主力滞留于此,待欧洲战事结束再全力对日反攻。
[Abstract]:World War II broke out in September 1939. With Germany's swift victory in Europe, Japan's aggressive expansion in the Asia-Pacific region escalated rapidly. Based on the overall strategy of first Europe and then Asia, the United States began to consider making limited military investment in China to support China's war of resistance. After the Pacific War broke out in December 1941, the United States entered the war. Its Asian strategy is to use China as the main battlefield to counter the Japanese Army and the main base for its total counter-attack against Japan. As a result, China and the United States formally joined up as a military alliance to fight against Japan, and US military investment in China increased significantly. After the Quebec Conference in August 1943, despite the change in the US Asian strategy, China's battlefield has been reduced to an auxiliary battlefield to match Pacific operations, but US military investment in China has continued to increase rather than decrease. Based on the official historical data of the United States, this paper gives a detailed introduction to the change of American Asian strategy and the increasing process of military investment in China during World War II, including the arms, ranks, major battles and achievements of the US military in China. The paper also makes some analysis on the reasons that influence American military investment in China, the purpose of which is to present more objectively the action of the United States in China during World War II and to evaluate fairly the role of the United States in resisting the Japanese fascist war. The main body of this paper includes four parts: the first part discusses the positive trend of American policy toward China after the outbreak of World War II, and begins to consider limited military investment in China to apply to China by the Lease Act. And support the civil volunteer Flying Tigers to assist China in the War of Resistance; second, the third part uses the Quebec Conference as a watershed to explain the US strategy in Asia and its military investment in China, including the arms, number, and number of US troops in China. The fourth part discusses the specific reasons that influence American military investment in China. In general, after the outbreak of World War II, US military investment in China continued to increase. Although various factors have indeed interfered with and limited the level of investment, on the whole, the United States' action has shown a strong degree of consistency, with the basic objective of maintaining China's resistance so that it does not collapse. In order to stay the main Japanese army here, the end of the European war before the full strength of the counter-offensive against Japan.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

【参考文献】