近代淮北地区流民问题研究（1840-1937）

发布时间：2018-09-12 12:23

【摘要】：流民是历史人口地理学研究的内容之一。近代,淮北地区自然灾害频仍,社会环境恶劣,流民现象极为突出。目前,学界对淮北地区流民现象尚缺乏专门系统的探讨,已有的研究成果多集中在原因方面,对于规模、流向及影响方面还比较薄弱,历史地理学的研究也基本尚未展开。因此,本文以淮北地区流民为研究对象,立足于当地自然环境和社会环境,对淮北流民形成因素、规模、流向、社会影响进行系统探讨,形成自己的一些认识。本文的研究内容主要分为以下五个部分：一、近代淮北地区流民产生的原因。结合绪论部分对淮北地区自然地理环境的叙述,本文认为淮北地区容易致灾的地理环境和黄河长期泛淮的影响导致了淮北地区生态环境脆弱,自然灾害的频发,成为引发淮北流民的主要原因,而自然灾害影响之下社会环境的恶劣,如人口压力、匪患突出及苛捐严重等因素亦是造成流民现象严重的推力。二、近代淮北流民的规模及性别年龄结构特征。利用文献记载和对民国时期农民离村调查的统计数据进行分析,笔者发现淮北灾后流民的规模非常严重,自然灾害的严重程度决定了历次流民规模的大小不等。在性R%和年龄结构方面,淮北流民呈现以青壮年男性为主的特征,其原因在于流民自身条件的限制和社会需求选择。三、近代淮北流民的流向和特点。借助近代报刊杂志的记载及其他文献资料进行分析,本文认为地域流向上淮北流民体现了区域流向上较强的选择性,江南和周边就近省区是主要流动区域。在职业流向上,主要集中在做工、乞讨、充当兵匪几个方面。在此基础上进一步说明其空间、时间上的流动特点和成因。四、流民对地方社会变迁的影响。本部分结合流民的性别、年龄结构特征和流向,探讨流民对流出地经济、地区形象、家乡环境、人口素质及对流入地工商业、农业发展及社会治安各方面所产生的影响,认为对流出地不利影响是主要的,但对流入地近代化有客观推动作用。五、结语。通过对近代淮北流民问题的研究,笔者认为环境、流民现象与地方社会发展之间存在密切的联系。淮北流民现象的发生是当地特殊自然和社会环境的产物,从应对环境挑战的角度,选择背井离乡是一种生存选择,但从地方社会发展的角度,不利于地方社会发展,不宜长期采用。
[Abstract]:Displaced people are one of the contents of the study of historical population geography. In modern times, Huaibei region frequent natural disasters, the social environment is bad, the phenomenon of displaced people is extremely prominent. At present, the phenomenon of displaced people in Huaibei area is still lack of special and systematic discussion in academic circles. The existing research results mainly focus on the causes, but the scale, direction and influence are still relatively weak, and the study of historical geography has not been carried out. Therefore, this paper takes the displaced people in Huaibei area as the research object, based on the local natural environment and social environment, discusses the forming factors, the scale, the direction and the social influence of the Huai Bei displaced people systematically, and forms some understanding of their own. The content of this paper is divided into the following five parts: first, the causes of the displaced people in Huaibei area in modern times. Combined with the introduction part of the description of the natural geographical environment in Huaibei area, this paper thinks that the disaster prone geographical environment in Huaibei area and the long-term impact of the Yellow River lead to the fragile ecological environment and frequent natural disasters in Huaibei region. It has become the main cause of Huaibei displaced people, and the bad social environment under the influence of natural disasters, such as population pressure, prominent bandits and serious donations, are also the driving force of the phenomenon of displaced people. Second, the scale and gender-age structure of Huaibei displaced people in modern times. Based on the literature records and the statistical data of peasants leaving villages in the period of the Republic of China, the author finds that the scale of displaced people after the Huaibei disaster is very serious, and the severity of natural disasters determines the size of the previous displaced people. In terms of sex R% and age structure, Huaibei displaced people are mainly young and male, which is due to the limitations of their own conditions and the choice of social needs. Third, the flow and characteristics of modern Huaibei displaced people. Based on the analysis of the records of modern newspapers and magazines and other documents, this paper holds that the regional flow direction of the displaced people in Upper Huaibei reflects the strong selectivity of the regional flow direction, and the south of the Yangtze River and the neighboring provinces are the main flowing regions. In the career direction, mainly concentrated in work, begging, as soldiers and bandits several aspects. On this basis, further explain its space, time flow characteristics and causes. Fourth, the influence of displaced people on local social changes. Based on the characteristics of sex, age structure and flow of displaced people, this part probes into the influence of displaced people on the economy, regional image, hometown environment, population quality and the industrial and commercial, agricultural development and social security of the displaced people. It is considered that the adverse effect on outflow land is main, but it plays an objective role in promoting the modernization of outflow land. Conclusion. Through the study of the problem of the displaced people in Huaibei in modern times, the author thinks that there is a close relationship between the environment, the phenomenon of displaced people and the development of local society. The occurrence of the phenomenon of the displaced people in Huaibei is the product of the local special natural and social environment. From the point of view of dealing with the environmental challenges, it is a survival choice to choose to leave one's hometown, but from the angle of local social development, it is not conducive to the local social development. It is not suitable for long-term adoption.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K25

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