日本“南进政策”原因探析

发布时间：2018-09-13 06:50

【摘要】：“南进政策”是明治维新后日本逐渐形成的一种对外扩张政策,其形成发展经历了一个较长的时期。“南进政策”作为日本对外扩张核心思想之一,对日本近代以来的外交以及战略决策起到了重大影响。一战期间,由于欧美列强忙于欧战无暇东顾,日本乘机迅速扩张在东亚的势力,成为英美等国在远东及太平洋地区的竞争对手。一战后,世界秩序逐渐恢复,东亚及太平洋地区再次成为列强关注的重要地区。此时日本的国力虽有明显提高,但相对于英美等国还有明显差距。因此在英美等国的压力下日本最终放弃了部分利益,以缓和与英美的紧张局面。进入20世纪30年代,国际形势再度发生重大变化,德国、日本、意大利等国相继建立起法西斯政权。日本和德国作为东西两个重要的法西斯国家为了自己的世界霸业,开始疯狂扩张。其中值得我们注意的是,日本并没有如英美等国所预料的那样选择“北进”、与德国一起包夹苏联。即便在德国军队进逼莫斯科城下的时候,日本还是放弃了“北进”而专事南方。这一战略选择对第二次世界大战的进程和格局产生了重大的影响,可见研究此期间日本由“北进”向“南进”转变的原因具有重要价值。 “南进政策”一直是学术界长期以来关注的焦点问题之一,对于日本“北进政策”向“南进政策”转变的研究成果也较为丰富。但是这些研究成果或限于篇幅或限于主旨,并没有全面的描述出这一时期日本发生政策变化的过程及要因,往往造成读者理解的片面化。有鉴于此,笔者拟从南北对比、中国战场、日苏碰撞、日本与欧美主要国家关系等四个方面,对造成日本最终选择“南进”政策进行系统研究。本研究较多地采用了比较研究法,兼用文献阅读法与归纳法等,对1936—1941年间日本对外扩张政策的转变进行了梳理与分析,最终用史实说明了日本选择“南进政策”的原因有根本原因、直接原因与间接原因等。
[Abstract]:After Meiji Restoration, Japan gradually formed a kind of foreign expansion policy, and its formation and development experienced a long period. As one of the core ideas of Japan's foreign expansion, the "southward advance policy" has played a significant role in Japan's diplomacy and strategic decision since modern times. During the first World War, because the European and American powers were busy with the European war, Japan took the opportunity to expand its power in East Asia and became a competitor of the United States and the United States in the far East and the Pacific. After World War I, the world order was gradually restored, and East Asia and the Pacific region once again became an important region concerned by the powers. At this time, although Japan's national strength has significantly improved, but compared with the United States and other countries there is a clear gap. So under pressure from countries such as the US and the UK, Japan finally gave up some of its interests to ease tensions with the UK and the US. In the 1930s, the international situation again changed, Germany, Japan, Italy and other countries have established fascist regimes. Japan and Germany as two important fascist countries, for their own world hegemony, began to expand madly. It is worth noting that Japan did not choose to move northward with Germany, as countries such as the United States and the United States had expected. Even as the German army moved under Moscow, Japan gave up "north" and concentrated on the south. This strategic choice has had a great impact on the process and pattern of World War II, so it is of great value to study the reasons for Japan's transition from "northward" to "southward" during this period. "the policy of southward advance" has been one of the focal issues that the academic circles have paid close attention to for a long time, and the research results on the transformation of Japan's "northward policy" to "southward policy" are also relatively rich. However, these research results are limited to space or purport, and do not describe the process and reasons of policy change in Japan during this period, which often result in the one-sided understanding of the readers. In view of this, the author intends to make a systematic study on the policy of "advancing southward" in Japan's final choice from four aspects: the contrast between North and South, the battlefield of China, the collision between Japan and the Soviet Union, and the relations between Japan and the major countries of Europe and the United States. This study mainly adopts the comparative research method and the literature reading method and inductive method to sort out and analyze the transformation of Japan's foreign expansion policy from 1936 to 1941. Finally, the paper explains the basic reasons, direct reasons and indirect reasons of Japan's choice of "southward advance policy" with historical facts.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

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