抗战时期山东妇女运动和妇女生活研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 09:28
【摘要】：抗战是全民族的抗战,妇女也积极加入到抗战的洪流。山东在抗战时期分为中共领导的根据地、国民党统治的国统区及日寇和日伪统治的沦陷区。中共为了促进民族解放和妇女解放,在山东根据地制定了一系列促进妇女解放的政策,使得妇女生活发生深刻的变化,经济、政治及婚姻家庭中的地位提高。与根据地妇女生活情况相比,国统区及沦陷区妇女生活变化不大甚至倒退。但由于根据地呈不断扩大之势,所以总体而言,山东妇女在促进民族解放之时也促进了自身的解放。 抗战时期妇女参战参政是时代赋予妇女的独特权利与义务,是以往时代妇女所没有的。在中共动员下,山东妇女积极参加抗日,慰劳捐募、动员亲人参军、掩护战士、直接参加战斗等,为抗战的胜利做了不可磨灭的贡献。同时,妇女积极参与政治活动,组建妇女组织,开始迈向社会,促进了自我解放。 抗战前女子教育已经开展并取得一定成绩,但在山东广大农村,“女子无才便是德”的观念仍根深蒂固,女子多是文盲,难以适应对敌斗争和敌后抗日民主政权的建设。为此,中共制定促进妇女教育的政策,创办女子干部学校、形式多样的女子训练班,开展艺术活动,提高了妇女尤其是广大农村妇女的文化素质。 经济地位决定妇女的生活地位。为了保障军需及促进妇女地位的提高,在中共的政策引导下,山东妇女走出“男主内,女主外”的传统分工模式,积极参加“双减”和“大生产运动”,开展纺织、参加农业生产及其他副业生产。既增加了收入,取得经济上的独立,又证实了妇女的作用,从而受到社会尊重,社会地位提高。 抗战之前,传统婚姻观念及习俗在山东还占主要地位。抗战中,在中共对旧婚俗进行改造及妇女文化素质提高的的基础上,妇女逐渐摒弃旧婚姻观念,反对包办买卖婚姻,敢于追求爱情,寡妇再嫁也获得更大自由。在家庭生活方面,婆媳关系,夫妇关系在一定程度上也得到改善。妇女放足深入农村,取得很大成绩。这一时期,妇女的婚姻家庭生活发生深刻变化。 在国统区,虽然国民党较重视妇女运动,但由于山东战争环境、党内派系倾轧及国统区日趋缩小等原因,使得妇女政策在国统区没能很好的实施。在沦陷区,妇女受到日寇的蹂躏、屠杀,生活极端贫困,能够生存成为她们追求的目标。 通过考察抗战时期山东妇女运动及妇女生活的变化,可看到此时期妇女生活主要有三个特点:妇女受到日寇及日伪的迫害;妇女为抗战的胜利做了不可磨灭的贡献;妇女在促进民族解放的同时也促进了自身的解放。同时,根据地、国统区及沦陷区妇女生活也各有特点,根据地妇女自身解放程度较高;国统区妇女运动及生活变化不大;沦陷区妇女处于求生存状态。可见,中共的妇女政策符合广大妇女的要求,促进了妇女运动及生活的改善。
[Abstract]:The War of Resistance against Japan was the war of the whole nation, and women actively joined the current of the War of Resistance. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong was divided into the base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang-controlled areas and the occupied areas under the Japanese aggressors and Japanese-puppet rule. In order to promote national liberation and women's liberation, the Communist Party of China formulated a series of policies to promote women's liberation in Shandong base area, which caused profound changes in women's life and raised their status in economy, politics and marriage and family. Compared with the living conditions of women in the base areas, the life of women in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and enemy-occupied areas has not changed much or even retrogressed. However, because the base area is expanding continuously, women in Shandong province promoted their own liberation when they promoted national liberation. Women's participation in politics during the Anti-Japanese War is a special right and duty given by the times, which women did not have in the past. Under the mobilization of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women took an active part in the resistance against Japan, consoled and raised donations, mobilized relatives to join the army, covered the soldiers, and participated directly in the battle, which made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, women actively participated in political activities, set up women's organizations, began to move into society, promoting self-liberation. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, women's education had been carried out and some achievements had been made, but in the vast rural areas of Shandong, the idea that "women's lack of talent is virtue" was still deeply rooted, and women were mostly illiterate, so it was difficult to adapt to the struggle against the enemy and the construction of anti-Japanese democratic regime behind the enemy. Therefore, the Communist Party of China has formulated a policy to promote women's education, set up a girls' cadre school, a variety of women's training courses, and carried out artistic activities, thus improving the cultural quality of women, especially rural women. Economic status determines the living status of women. In order to safeguard military supplies and promote the advancement of women, under the guidance of the policies of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women went out of the traditional division of labor pattern of "male masters, women as masters", actively participated in the "double reduction" and "mass production movements", and developed textiles. Participate in agricultural production and other sideline production. It increases income, gains economic independence and confirms the role of women, thus gaining social respect and social status. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, the traditional marriage concept and custom still occupied the main position in Shandong. During the War of Resistance against Japan, on the basis of the reform of the old marriage customs and the improvement of women's cultural quality, women gradually abandoned the old concept of marriage, opposed the arranged sale and purchase of marriage, dared to pursue love, and the widow was given greater freedom to remarry. In the aspect of family life, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and couple has also been improved to some extent. Women went deep into the countryside and made great achievements. During this period, women's marriage and family life underwent profound changes. Although the Kuomintang attaches more importance to the women's movement in the Kuomintang controlled areas, because of the war environment in Shandong, the faction within the Party and the shrinking of the Kuomintang areas, the policy on women has not been implemented well in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang. In the enemy-occupied areas, women were ravaged by Japanese aggressors, slaughtered, living in extreme poverty, and being able to survive was their goal. By investigating the changes of women's movement and women's life in Shandong during the Anti-Japanese War, we can see that there are three main characteristics of women's life in this period: women are persecuted by Japanese aggressors and Japanese counterfeiters, women have made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan; While promoting national liberation, women also promoted their own liberation. At the same time, the life of women in base areas, Kuomintang areas and enemy-occupied areas has their own characteristics. Women in the base areas have a higher degree of liberation; the movement and life of women in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang have not changed much; and women in the enemy-occupied areas are in a state of survival. It can be seen that the women's policy of the Communist Party of China conforms to the demands of the broad masses of women and promotes the improvement of women's movement and life.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265
本文编号：2242316
[Abstract]:The War of Resistance against Japan was the war of the whole nation, and women actively joined the current of the War of Resistance. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong was divided into the base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang-controlled areas and the occupied areas under the Japanese aggressors and Japanese-puppet rule. In order to promote national liberation and women's liberation, the Communist Party of China formulated a series of policies to promote women's liberation in Shandong base area, which caused profound changes in women's life and raised their status in economy, politics and marriage and family. Compared with the living conditions of women in the base areas, the life of women in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and enemy-occupied areas has not changed much or even retrogressed. However, because the base area is expanding continuously, women in Shandong province promoted their own liberation when they promoted national liberation. Women's participation in politics during the Anti-Japanese War is a special right and duty given by the times, which women did not have in the past. Under the mobilization of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women took an active part in the resistance against Japan, consoled and raised donations, mobilized relatives to join the army, covered the soldiers, and participated directly in the battle, which made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, women actively participated in political activities, set up women's organizations, began to move into society, promoting self-liberation. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, women's education had been carried out and some achievements had been made, but in the vast rural areas of Shandong, the idea that "women's lack of talent is virtue" was still deeply rooted, and women were mostly illiterate, so it was difficult to adapt to the struggle against the enemy and the construction of anti-Japanese democratic regime behind the enemy. Therefore, the Communist Party of China has formulated a policy to promote women's education, set up a girls' cadre school, a variety of women's training courses, and carried out artistic activities, thus improving the cultural quality of women, especially rural women. Economic status determines the living status of women. In order to safeguard military supplies and promote the advancement of women, under the guidance of the policies of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women went out of the traditional division of labor pattern of "male masters, women as masters", actively participated in the "double reduction" and "mass production movements", and developed textiles. Participate in agricultural production and other sideline production. It increases income, gains economic independence and confirms the role of women, thus gaining social respect and social status. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, the traditional marriage concept and custom still occupied the main position in Shandong. During the War of Resistance against Japan, on the basis of the reform of the old marriage customs and the improvement of women's cultural quality, women gradually abandoned the old concept of marriage, opposed the arranged sale and purchase of marriage, dared to pursue love, and the widow was given greater freedom to remarry. In the aspect of family life, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and couple has also been improved to some extent. Women went deep into the countryside and made great achievements. During this period, women's marriage and family life underwent profound changes. Although the Kuomintang attaches more importance to the women's movement in the Kuomintang controlled areas, because of the war environment in Shandong, the faction within the Party and the shrinking of the Kuomintang areas, the policy on women has not been implemented well in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang. In the enemy-occupied areas, women were ravaged by Japanese aggressors, slaughtered, living in extreme poverty, and being able to survive was their goal. By investigating the changes of women's movement and women's life in Shandong during the Anti-Japanese War, we can see that there are three main characteristics of women's life in this period: women are persecuted by Japanese aggressors and Japanese counterfeiters, women have made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan; While promoting national liberation, women also promoted their own liberation. At the same time, the life of women in base areas, Kuomintang areas and enemy-occupied areas has their own characteristics. Women in the base areas have a higher degree of liberation; the movement and life of women in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang have not changed much; and women in the enemy-occupied areas are in a state of survival. It can be seen that the women's policy of the Communist Party of China conforms to the demands of the broad masses of women and promotes the improvement of women's movement and life.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 岳培红;抗战歌曲视阈下的妇女社会生活变迁研究[D];河南师范大学;2013年
，本文编号：2242316
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2242316.html
