甘肃

发布时间：2018-09-19 14:02

【摘要】：“农业学大寨”运动并不是一场简单的政治运动或生产运动,它实质上是毛泽东为发展我国农业生产、建设社会主义新农村而发起的一场“农民运动”。①改革开放前的29年，我国农村有将近一半的时间在进行“农业学大寨”运动。虽然这场声势浩大的群众运动已过去多年，但是学术界对它的讨论、研究却从未止息。从20世纪80年代末开始至今，学术界对农业学大寨运动的研究不断深入，涉及到许多方面，对这一运动的认识也仁者见仁，智者见智。学大寨运动对于推动全国农村依靠自己力量开展农田基本建设，起过积极作用。大寨人勇于向大自然开战的英雄形象也激励和鼓舞过全国农民。遗憾的是，后来学大寨运动被纳入“文化大革命”轨道，“农业学大寨”作为毛泽东“重大决策”写进“中共中央关于无产阶级文化大革命决定”，大寨变为“无产阶级专政下继续革命的典型”，提出“七斗八斗”，“大批促大干”，搞“穷过渡”，把自留地、家庭副业当做资本主义“尾巴”割掉，严重挫伤了农民的积极性。党的十一届三中全会前后，批判了两个“凡是”和极“左”错误，席卷全国的“农业学大寨”运动最终落幕。为了具体而全面的理解甘肃省“农业学大寨”运动的发展状况，给“农业学大寨”运动一个客观的科学的评价，还历史一个更加真实的面貌，笔者以能搜集到的档案资料为依据，力求客观真实的反映这段历史。所以笔者在甘肃省档案馆查阅了大量的档案资料，以档案资料为主干资料，同时在此基础上再以当时的报刊资料、《甘肃省志》中与“农业学大寨”相关的资料、有典型意义的地方志农业史料和文史资料作为补充。本文首先从甘肃省“农业学大寨”运动的背景谈起，具体讲述了“大寨”作为农业战线上发展生产的典型得以崛起的原因和具体过程。第二，考察了甘肃省“农业学大寨”运动的具体过程。根据甘肃省的实际情况，将甘肃省的“农业学大寨”运动分为“文革”前、“文革”期间、“文革”后至1980年结束三个阶段进行了考察论述。第三，通过对运动本身发展阶段的考察，进一步概括总结出甘肃省在这一历史事件中的成就和问题。其成就主要体现在农田水利基本建设、社队企业的发展和农业机械化的推广等几个方面。而存在的问题却比较多，用一句话说，那就是由于“大寨模式”并非发展我国农业的灵丹妙药，，甘肃省农民辛辛苦苦十几年学大寨，生产力并没有得到很大的发展，生活水平并没有得到提高，仍然生活在贫困之中，让农民吃饱饭仍然是甘肃“三农”工作中的第一大难题。第四，通过对甘肃省“农业学大寨”运动的研究并借鉴其他学者的研究成果，对这一历史现象作了较为深刻的反思，认为发展农业生产，必须实事求是，因地制宜，尊重自然规律和经济规律；在发展模式上，应该尊重农民群众的愿望和实际需求，走科学发展的现代农业路子。
[Abstract]:The movement of "Agricultural Dazhai" is not a simple political or productive movement, but a "peasant movement" initiated by Mao Zedong to develop agricultural production and build a new socialist countryside. However, this massive mass movement has been going on for many years, but the academic circles have never stopped discussing and studying it. Since the end of 1980s, the academic circles have been deepening the study of Dazhai Movement in Agriculture, involving many aspects, and their understanding of this movement is different from each other.
The Campaign of Learning Dazhai has played a positive role in promoting the rural infrastructure construction in China. The heroic image of Dazhai people who dared to fight against nature has inspired and inspired the peasants all over the country. Unfortunately, the Campaign of Learning Dazhai was brought into the track of "Cultural Revolution" and "Agricultural Learning Dazhai" was regarded as Mao Zedong's "great significance". The decision-making was written in the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on the Great Cultural Revolution of the Proletarian Class", and Dazhai became a "typical example of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat". It put forward the "seven fights and eight fights", "a large number of big fights", "large-scale promotion of large-scale work", "poor transition" and cut off the reserved land and the sideline work of the family as the "tail" of capitalism, seriously damaging the enthusiasm of Before and after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, two "all" and extreme "Left" errors were criticized, and the "Agricultural Learning Village" movement swept across the country finally came to an end.
In order to understand the development of the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement in Gansu Province concretely and comprehensively, to give an objective and scientific evaluation of the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement, and to give a more realistic picture of history, the author tries to reflect this history objectively and truly on the basis of the archival data he can collect. A great deal of archival materials have been consulted, and archival materials have been taken as the backbone materials. On the basis of these, the relevant materials of the newspapers and periodicals at that time, and the agricultural historical materials and historical materials of the typical local chronicles in the "Dazhai of Agriculture" in the "Annals of Gansu Province" have been taken as supplements. This paper first discusses the background of the "Dazhai of Agriculture" movement in Gansu Province. Second, the paper investigates the specific process of the movement of "Agricultural Science Dazhai" in Gansu Province. According to the actual situation of Gansu Province, the movement of "Agricultural Science Dazhai" in Gansu Province was divided into pre-Cultural Revolution and during the "Cultural Revolution". From the "Revolution" to the end of 1980, three stages were investigated and discussed. Thirdly, the achievements and problems of Gansu Province in this historical event were summarized through the investigation of the development stage of the movement itself. But there are many problems. In a word, it is because the "Dazhai Model" is not a panacea for the development of China's agriculture. Farmers in Gansu Province have worked hard for more than ten years to learn from Dazhai, their productivity has not been greatly developed, their living standards have not been improved, they still live in poverty, and they are still willing to feed themselves. Fourth, through the study of the "Agricultural Science Dazhai" movement in Gansu Province and drawing on the research results of other scholars, this historical phenomenon has been deeply reflected. It is believed that in order to develop agricultural production, we must seek truth from facts, suit local conditions, respect natural laws and economic laws. We should respect the wishes and actual needs of the peasants and follow the path of modern agriculture with scientific development.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27

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