近代北京学徒制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 15:33

【摘要】：学徒制度是一种古老又特殊的经济制度。它在契约、亲缘和地缘的束缚下,由雇主或师傅指导,在工业实践中对青少年进行技术和经济管理知识培训,并使他们获得从业资格。学徒制度的内容包括学徒的招收、培养、待遇、满师以及违规行为的处罚。它的最大特点是集培养、使用、资历于一身。近代北京的学徒制度具有普遍性和典型性,故本文将研究地点放在近代的北京及京郊地区,通过对近代北京老字号和工厂(工场)的学徒制度研究,揭示近代普遍存在的学徒制度对传统学徒制度的继承、发展和改造。近代学徒制度普遍存在于近代工商业企业中,对工商业的影响不可小觑。近代学徒制度不仅对北京老字号的稳定发展和民族优秀技艺的传承起到至关重要的作用;而且,对近代资本主义工商业的发展有双刃剑作用。社会舆论和国家法制对近代学徒制度的变迁也有极大影响。社会舆论自下而上呼吁改革传统学徒制度,并且提出许多有价值的主张;国家在法制层面力图对近代学徒制度进行一次自上而下的重建。经过晚清和民国近百年的变迁,近代北京的学徒制度一方面带有浓烈的封建宗法烙印,一方面又让人感到了新时代的曙光,但是,近代中国最终没有建立统一、规范的学徒制度。
[Abstract]:Apprenticeship is an ancient and special economic system. Under the constraints of contract, kinship, and geography, and under the guidance of an employer or master, it trains young people in technical and economic management knowledge and qualifications in industrial practice. Apprenticeship includes apprenticeship recruitment, training, treatment, full teacher and punishment for violations. Its biggest characteristic is the collection culture, the use, the seniority in one body. The apprenticeship system of modern Beijing is universal and typical, so this paper focuses on the modern Beijing and its suburbs, and studies the apprenticeship system of the old brands and factories (workshops) in modern Beijing. It reveals the inheritance, development and transformation of the traditional apprenticeship system. Modern apprenticeship system generally exists in modern industrial and commercial enterprises, the influence on industry and commerce can not be underestimated. The modern apprenticeship system not only played a vital role in the steady development of Beijing's old brands and the inheritance of the excellent national skills, but also played a double-edged role in the development of modern capitalist industry and commerce. Public opinion and national legal system also have great influence on the change of modern apprenticeship system. The public opinion calls for the reform of the traditional apprenticeship system from the bottom up and puts forward many valuable ideas. The state tries to rebuild the modern apprenticeship system from the top to the bottom at the legal level. After the changes of the late Qing and the Republic of China, the apprenticeship system in modern Beijing was marked with a strong feudal patriarchal clan on the one hand, and the dawn of a new era on the other. However, the unity of modern China was not established in the end. A standard system of apprenticeship
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K25;F729

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