试析二十世纪初东北鼠疫与延边地区防疫卫生状况
发布时间：2018-10-13 19:48
【摘要】：1910年,中国东北地区爆发了大规模鼠疫。这次鼠疫从黑龙江的满洲里(今属内蒙古)开始传播,波及京津、河北、山东等地,流行距离达2700公里,流行时间近8个月,感染致死者6万余人。这次鼠疫之所以传染迅速、死亡人数众多,与清末人口的大量流动以及当时中国的落后卫生条件有着重大关系。由于清末中国东北地区的特殊政治环境,鼠疫问题不仅仅是医疗卫生问题这般简单。 这次鼠疫爆发于清朝末期清政府的统治岌岌可危之时,在中国医疗水平低下又要应对国际干预的情况下,清政府从中央至地方仍采取了积极地防御措施,利用科学的防疫方法有效地控制了鼠疫的传播与蔓延。清朝的中央政府和东北地方政府在这次鼠疫防疫工作中的表现得到了国际社会的认可与赞扬。鼠疫的爆发对中俄关系和中日关系也产生了重大影响,清政府为了捍卫其在东北地区的主权在奉天召开了一次国际鼠疫会议。 延边虽地处边疆地区,医疗设施相对落后。但随着近代边疆地区的开发、延边地区人口的增多,延边的医疗卫生机构及行政管理机构也逐步完善起来。鼠疫蔓延到延边地区后,延边地方政府采取了积极地防疫措施有效地控制住疫情的进一步蔓延。虽然鼠疫在延边地方政府与民众的共同努力下得到了有效控制并最终消退。但鼠疫的高死亡率、鼠疫时期采取的一系列防疫措施则对延边民众的心态造成了一定程度的影响。 延边地区位于东北亚地区的核心地带,战略地位险要。尤其是日俄战争以后,日本加紧了对延边地区的侵略。为了更好的达到侵占延边地区的目的,日本将其殖民医学策略运用到延边地区。日本驻延边地区总领事馆凭借先进的医疗技术和雄厚的经济实力与延边地方政府展开了医疗卫生控制权的争夺,延边地方政府虽极力抵制日本的侵略,但终因财政困窘而无力应对。在日本驻延边地区总领事馆与延边地方政府展开医疗斗争的同时,延边地区的私立医院及教会医院也在不断发展。
[Abstract]:In 1910, a large-scale plague broke out in northeast China. The plague spread from Manzhouli (now Inner Mongolia) in Heilongjiang, spreading to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and other places. The epidemic distance reached 2700 kilometers, the epidemic time was nearly eight months, and more than 60,000 people were infected. The rapid spread of plague and the large number of deaths were closely related to the large population movement in the late Qing Dynasty and the backward sanitary conditions in China at that time. Due to the special political environment in northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty, the plague problem was not just a medical and health problem. The plague broke out in the late Qing Dynasty when the rule of the Qing government was at stake. When China's medical standards were low and it had to deal with international intervention, the Qing government still took active defensive measures from the central to the local levels. The spread and spread of plague were effectively controlled by scientific methods of epidemic prevention. The performance of the central and northeast governments in the plague prevention work in the Qing Dynasty was recognized and praised by the international community. The outbreak of plague also had a great impact on Sino-Russian and Sino-Japanese relations. In order to defend its sovereignty in Northeast China, the Qing government held an international plague conference in Fengtian. Yanbian is located in the border area, medical facilities are relatively backward. However, with the development of modern frontier areas and the increase of population in Yanbian area, the medical and health institutions and administrative organizations in Yanbian have been gradually improved. After plague spread to Yanbian area, Yanbian local government took active measures to control the spread of the epidemic. Although plague in Yanbian with the joint efforts of the local government and the people were effectively controlled and eventually subsided. However, the high mortality rate of plague and a series of preventive measures during the plague period had a certain degree of influence on the mentality of the people in Yanbian. Yanbian region is located in the heart of Northeast Asia, strategic position is dangerous. Especially after the war between Japan and Russia, Japan stepped up its aggression against Yanbian. In order to achieve the purpose of occupying Yanbian area, Japan applied its colonial medicine strategy to Yanbian area. By virtue of advanced medical technology and strong economic strength, the Consulate General of Japan in Yanbian has launched a struggle for control of medical and health care with the Yanbian local government. Although the Yanbian local government tried its best to resist Japanese aggression, But they were unable to cope with their financial constraints. While the Japanese Consulate General in Yanbian started a medical struggle with the Yanbian local government, private hospitals and church hospitals in Yanbian also developed.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-09;K257
本文编号：2269711
[Abstract]:In 1910, a large-scale plague broke out in northeast China. The plague spread from Manzhouli (now Inner Mongolia) in Heilongjiang, spreading to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and other places. The epidemic distance reached 2700 kilometers, the epidemic time was nearly eight months, and more than 60,000 people were infected. The rapid spread of plague and the large number of deaths were closely related to the large population movement in the late Qing Dynasty and the backward sanitary conditions in China at that time. Due to the special political environment in northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty, the plague problem was not just a medical and health problem. The plague broke out in the late Qing Dynasty when the rule of the Qing government was at stake. When China's medical standards were low and it had to deal with international intervention, the Qing government still took active defensive measures from the central to the local levels. The spread and spread of plague were effectively controlled by scientific methods of epidemic prevention. The performance of the central and northeast governments in the plague prevention work in the Qing Dynasty was recognized and praised by the international community. The outbreak of plague also had a great impact on Sino-Russian and Sino-Japanese relations. In order to defend its sovereignty in Northeast China, the Qing government held an international plague conference in Fengtian. Yanbian is located in the border area, medical facilities are relatively backward. However, with the development of modern frontier areas and the increase of population in Yanbian area, the medical and health institutions and administrative organizations in Yanbian have been gradually improved. After plague spread to Yanbian area, Yanbian local government took active measures to control the spread of the epidemic. Although plague in Yanbian with the joint efforts of the local government and the people were effectively controlled and eventually subsided. However, the high mortality rate of plague and a series of preventive measures during the plague period had a certain degree of influence on the mentality of the people in Yanbian. Yanbian region is located in the heart of Northeast Asia, strategic position is dangerous. Especially after the war between Japan and Russia, Japan stepped up its aggression against Yanbian. In order to achieve the purpose of occupying Yanbian area, Japan applied its colonial medicine strategy to Yanbian area. By virtue of advanced medical technology and strong economic strength, the Consulate General of Japan in Yanbian has launched a struggle for control of medical and health care with the Yanbian local government. Although the Yanbian local government tried its best to resist Japanese aggression, But they were unable to cope with their financial constraints. While the Japanese Consulate General in Yanbian started a medical struggle with the Yanbian local government, private hospitals and church hospitals in Yanbian also developed.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-09;K257
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