1923年北京政变研究
发布时间：2018-10-15 20:20
【摘要】：1923年6月13日，直系军阀曹锟发动政变，赶走了总统黎元洪，这次曹党之乱最初被舆论界直接称为“北京政变”。对于政变，直系蓄谋已久。为达其目的，发动保系阁员拆台，迫使张绍曾辞职，并佯许辞职之后，黎元洪退位，立即迎张回京，摄行大总统职权。张为逢迎曹锟，不得不允许辞职。然至内阁辞职之日，军警官佐借口内阁无人负责，直接向黎元洪索饷，使其无法应付，并唆使巡警全体罢岗，京师秩序无人维持，冯玉祥、王怀庆率师武力胁迫黎元洪退位。迫于军阀的压力，各方在内阁辞职后，均表示不与黎元洪合作，而黎元洪组阁不成，不得不离京赴津。 北洋军阀统治时期，国内军阀混战，冲突不断，由此造成的内阁频繁更迭，成为1923年北京政变发生的深层次原因。而直系利用制宪经费问题向黎元洪发难，造成府院矛盾激化，使其赶走黎元洪的态势白热化，则为政变发生的催化剂。冯玉祥等人在政变中亦“出力不少”，不仅数次率军包围总统府索饷，命令警察罢岗，怂恿“公民团”散布传单，，诋毁黎元洪，而且与王怀庆联名辞职，表示对京师秩序不负责任，要求黎即时出京。此外各帝国主义国家为谋求在中国的利益，借“临城案”之机，以“大借款”为诱，影响北京政局，作为帝国主义心目中理想人物的曹锟成为他们暗中扶持的对象。 直系军阀曹锟为一己私欲，毁法乱纪、图谋篡窃，对民国内政、外交产生了消极影响，给广大人民带来深重灾难。政变发生后，帝国主义国家相继对曹锟施压，借口国内政局混乱以干预国内财政、经济，甚至主张派兵中国，实行共管。面对曹锟悖乱国法的行径，国内各界反对直系的呼声高涨。各省团体召集会议，毫不留情对直系及其控制的北京政治予以斥责。皖、奉、粤三方利用全国不断高涨的反直形势，进一步加紧联合反对直系，反直三角同盟更加牢固。而政变后的反直浪潮直接导致了冯玉祥对待曹锟态度的急转，造成1924年北京政变的发生，加速了直系军阀的败亡。 本文试图从政变在各界以及对民国政局造成的影响，以揭露军阀统治的祸国殃民和帝国主义共管中国的阴谋，更清晰的了解北洋军阀统治时期政治混乱、内忧外患的根源，进一步理解当时进行国民革命的必要性和紧迫性，以求对学界有所裨益。
[Abstract]:On June 13, 1923, Cao Kun, a direct warlord, launched a coup d'茅 tat and ousted President Li Yuanhong. For the coup d'etat, the immediate department has been planning for a long time. In order to achieve his purpose, he mobilized cabinet members to dismantle Taiwan and forced Zhang Shao to resign, and after pretending to resign, Li Yuanhong abdicated and immediately welcomed Zhang back to Beijing to take over the President's functions and powers. Zhang was flattered by Cao Kun and had to be allowed to resign. However, on the day when the cabinet resigned, the military and police officers and military officers took the pretext that the cabinet was not responsible, and directly charged Li Yuanhong for his pay, so that he could not cope with it, and at the same time instigated all the patrol policemen to stop guard, and no one maintained order in the capital, and Feng Yuxiang and Wang Huaiqing led the division to force Li Yuanhong to abdicate his position. Under pressure from warlords, after the cabinet resigned, all parties indicated that they would not cooperate with Li Yuanhong, who had to leave Beijing for Tianjin because he could not form a cabinet. During the reign of the Northern warlords, the internal warlords fought and clashed constantly, resulting in frequent cabinet changes, which became the deep reason for the Beijing coup in 1923. The direct use of the issue of constitution-making funds to Li Yuanhong, resulting in the intensification of contradictions between the government and the court, so that the situation of driving out Li Yuanhong is a catalyst for the coup. Feng Yuxiang and others also "did a lot of work" in the coup d'etat. Not only did they lead the army to encircle the presidential palace several times, they ordered the police to stop guard, encouraged the "citizens' group" to spread leaflets, denigrated Li Yuanhong, and resigned jointly with Wang Huaiqing. Expressed irresponsibility for the order of the capital, asked Li to leave Beijing immediately. In addition, in order to seek their interests in China, the imperialist countries took advantage of the "Lincheng case" and took "big loans" as an inducement to influence Beijing's political situation. Cao Kun, an ideal figure in the eyes of imperialism, became the object of their secret support. Cao Kun, a direct warlord, wanted for himself, destroyed laws and rules, attempted to steal, had a negative impact on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Republic of China, and brought great disaster to the broad masses of the people. After the coup d'茅 tat, imperialist countries put pressure on Cao Kun one after another, using the pretext of domestic political chaos to interfere in domestic finance and economy, and even advocated sending troops to China and exercising common control. In the face of Cao Kun's act of disobeying the state law, the voice of opposition from all walks of life in the country is high. Provincial groups met without mercy to reprimand the straight line and its controlled politics in Beijing. Anhui, Bong, and Guangdong took advantage of the rising anti-straight situation throughout the country to further intensify their joint opposition to the straight line and strengthen the anti-straight triangular alliance. The anti-straight wave after the coup directly led Feng Yuxiang to take a sharp turn towards Cao Kun, resulting in the Beijing coup in 1924, which accelerated the defeat of the direct warlord. This paper tries to expose the evil of warlord rule and the conspiracy of imperialist ruling China from all walks of life and the influence on the political situation of the Republic of China, so as to understand more clearly the political chaos and the root of internal and external troubles during the period of Northern warlord rule. To further understand the necessity and urgency of the national revolution at that time, in order to benefit the academic community.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K261
本文编号：2273724
[Abstract]:On June 13, 1923, Cao Kun, a direct warlord, launched a coup d'茅 tat and ousted President Li Yuanhong. For the coup d'etat, the immediate department has been planning for a long time. In order to achieve his purpose, he mobilized cabinet members to dismantle Taiwan and forced Zhang Shao to resign, and after pretending to resign, Li Yuanhong abdicated and immediately welcomed Zhang back to Beijing to take over the President's functions and powers. Zhang was flattered by Cao Kun and had to be allowed to resign. However, on the day when the cabinet resigned, the military and police officers and military officers took the pretext that the cabinet was not responsible, and directly charged Li Yuanhong for his pay, so that he could not cope with it, and at the same time instigated all the patrol policemen to stop guard, and no one maintained order in the capital, and Feng Yuxiang and Wang Huaiqing led the division to force Li Yuanhong to abdicate his position. Under pressure from warlords, after the cabinet resigned, all parties indicated that they would not cooperate with Li Yuanhong, who had to leave Beijing for Tianjin because he could not form a cabinet. During the reign of the Northern warlords, the internal warlords fought and clashed constantly, resulting in frequent cabinet changes, which became the deep reason for the Beijing coup in 1923. The direct use of the issue of constitution-making funds to Li Yuanhong, resulting in the intensification of contradictions between the government and the court, so that the situation of driving out Li Yuanhong is a catalyst for the coup. Feng Yuxiang and others also "did a lot of work" in the coup d'etat. Not only did they lead the army to encircle the presidential palace several times, they ordered the police to stop guard, encouraged the "citizens' group" to spread leaflets, denigrated Li Yuanhong, and resigned jointly with Wang Huaiqing. Expressed irresponsibility for the order of the capital, asked Li to leave Beijing immediately. In addition, in order to seek their interests in China, the imperialist countries took advantage of the "Lincheng case" and took "big loans" as an inducement to influence Beijing's political situation. Cao Kun, an ideal figure in the eyes of imperialism, became the object of their secret support. Cao Kun, a direct warlord, wanted for himself, destroyed laws and rules, attempted to steal, had a negative impact on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Republic of China, and brought great disaster to the broad masses of the people. After the coup d'茅 tat, imperialist countries put pressure on Cao Kun one after another, using the pretext of domestic political chaos to interfere in domestic finance and economy, and even advocated sending troops to China and exercising common control. In the face of Cao Kun's act of disobeying the state law, the voice of opposition from all walks of life in the country is high. Provincial groups met without mercy to reprimand the straight line and its controlled politics in Beijing. Anhui, Bong, and Guangdong took advantage of the rising anti-straight situation throughout the country to further intensify their joint opposition to the straight line and strengthen the anti-straight triangular alliance. The anti-straight wave after the coup directly led Feng Yuxiang to take a sharp turn towards Cao Kun, resulting in the Beijing coup in 1924, which accelerated the defeat of the direct warlord. This paper tries to expose the evil of warlord rule and the conspiracy of imperialist ruling China from all walks of life and the influence on the political situation of the Republic of China, so as to understand more clearly the political chaos and the root of internal and external troubles during the period of Northern warlord rule. To further understand the necessity and urgency of the national revolution at that time, in order to benefit the academic community.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K261
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 姜红;中国社会主义青年团第一届执行委员会大事记述[J];党的文献;1999年04期
本文编号：2273724
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