“大跃进”运动中的“济宁事件”研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 20:05

【摘要】：1956—1966年既是全面建设社会主义的十年，又是社会主义曲折发展的十年。在这十年中，我国的社会主义建设取得了很大的成就，但是同时，我们又有过严重失误，经历了曲折的发展过程。这种失误和曲折集中体现在1959至1961年，即三年经济困难时期。而本文所要研究的“济宁事件”就是在这段时期发生的。 “济宁事件”是指1958年冬至1959年春山东济宁地区发生的严重的粮荒以致饿死人的事件。该事件的发生是多种因素相互作用的结果。其中济宁各地大刮浮夸风、共产风、干部特殊化风、强迫命令风、生产瞎指挥风以及后来在粮食问题上又执行了高指标、高估产、高征购等政策，是导致“济宁事件”的最根本原因。 “济宁事件”发生以后，中共中央与山东省委紧急采取了以下措施：召开一系列会议，“压缩空气”；派工作组赴有困难县区进行调查；调拔粮食，发放社会救济，抢救治疗患病群众；平反受到错误批判的干部和群众；开展整社运动，落实人民公社政策，解决公社粮食问题和体制问题。这些措施使济宁地区顺利度过了粮荒，但由于上述举措是在充分肯定“大跃进”和人民公社优越性的前提下进行的，没有从指导思想上纠正“左”的错误，因此济宁地区未能也不可能从根本上解决“大跃进”中存在的问题，这也就意味着“济宁事件”的解决只是迈出了纠“左”历程中的一小步，而且很快又倒退回去。以总路线、大跃进、人民公社“三面红旗”为代表和特征的群众运动，，在1959年初就已暴露出严重弊病。“济宁事件”的发生只是其中的一个典型例证，绝不是一个孤立的事件，它是全国大跃进灾难的一个预演，一个缩影。它以其独特的视角反映了“大跃进”和人民公社化运动中的诸多问题，同时也给人们呈现了解决这些问题的一些方法和经验。但遗憾的是，我们没有认真从中吸取经验教训，没有也不可能从根本上总结这次事件，致使后来又发生了无数个类似的“事件”。前事不忘，后事之师。对“济宁事件”的深入分析，有助于我们深化对大跃进灾难的成因及其具体救助机制的理解及“左”倾错误思想对我国的社会主义现代化建设事业的发展所造成的深远影响和重大危害，有助于我们从中吸取正反两方面的经验教训，继往开来，更好的解决三农问题，更好的进行社会主义新农村建设。
[Abstract]:1956-1966 is not only the ten years of building socialism in an all-round way, but also the ten years of the tortuous development of socialism. In this decade, China's socialist construction has made great achievements, but at the same time, we have had serious mistakes and experienced a tortuous process of development. These failures and twists were concentrated between 1959 and 1961, three years of economic hardship. The Jining event, which this paper is going to study, happened in this period. "Jining incident" refers to the serious grain famine that occurred in the spring of 1959 in the Winter Solstice, Shandong Province, leading to starvation. The event occurred as a result of the interaction of many factors. Among them, in Jining, there was a great bravado, a total production style, a cadre specialization wind, a forced command wind, a blind production command style and, later on, a policy of high targets, overestimation of production, and high requisition and purchase on the grain issue. It is the most fundamental cause of Jining incident. After the "Jining incident," the CPC Central Committee and the Shandong Provincial Party Committee took the following measures: to convene a series of meetings to "compress air"; to send working groups to counties in difficulty to conduct investigations; to adjust and pull out grain, and to distribute social relief. To rescue and treat the sick; to rehabilitate cadres and the masses who have been wrongly criticized; to carry out the whole society movement, to implement the people's commune policy, and to solve the grain and system problems in the communes. These measures enabled the Jining region to successfully overcome the grain shortage, but since the above measures were carried out on the premise of fully affirming the superiority of the "Great Leap forward" and the people's Commune, they did not correct the "left" mistake in the guiding ideology. Therefore, the Jining area has failed and cannot fundamentally solve the problems existing in the Great Leap forward, which means that the resolution of the "Jining incident" is only a small step in the course of rectifying the "left", and it will soon regress back. The mass movement, characterized by the general line, the Great Leap forward and the people's Commune's "three Red Flag", had exposed serious ills at the beginning of 1959. The "Jining incident" is only one of the typical examples, not an isolated event, it is a preview of the national Great Leap forward disaster, a microcosm. It reflects many problems in the Great Leap forward and the people's commune movement with its unique visual angle, and also presents some methods and experiences to solve these problems. Unfortunately, we did not seriously draw lessons from the experience, did not and could not fundamentally sum up the incident, resulting in the subsequent occurrence of countless similar "events." Never forget the past. An in-depth analysis of the Jining incident, It will help us to deepen our understanding of the causes of the Great Leap forward disaster and its specific relief mechanism and the profound impact and great harm caused by the "left" and erroneous thinking to the development of the cause of socialist modernization in our country. It is helpful for us to draw lessons from both positive and negative aspects, build on the past, solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and better carry out the construction of a new socialist countryside.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27

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