话语、文化冲突视野下的山东省社队企业（1958-1984）

发布时间：2018-10-26 17:15

【摘要】：传统上我国是一个农业国家,乡村社会构成了无论从地域还是人口都要比城市更为广阔的社会主体。新中国成立后,土改、合作化、人民公社等运动均在乡村这个舞台上展开,其目的在于规避传统乡村社会“历史循环的陷阱”,走社会主义革命和建设道路,以期实现乡村从传统向现代的转型。社队企业作为我国国家工业化的一翼,陪伴了人民公社的全过程,并且在公社体制瓦解之后嬗变为今天的乡镇企业。它的出现是国家话语适应我国传统手工业向“半工业化”和工业化演进的结果,在合作化和人民公社化运动的推动下,山东省社队企业迎来了初办的高潮。但由于处在特殊的时代和环境下,“左”的错误如“以钢为纲”、“反右倾”、“阶级斗争”、“文化大革命”等不仅造成了农民话语的“失语”和家庭的“退缩”,更违背了乡村社会自身的发展规律,严重阻碍了社队企业的健康发展。历史不以人的主观意志为转移,理想的超越和现实的困顿让农民从“躁动”中清醒,农民话语和乡村传统文化在与政治话语、国家主流文化相互影响、相互渗透、此消彼长的冲突中逐渐“凸显”,并走向新的融合,改革开放成为了那个时代的主旋律,社队企业也从初兴后的衰落迎来了恢复后的大发展时期。社队企业既是对传统经济的现代化改造,对乡村社会变迁产生深远影响,同时又不可避免地受到传统因素的影响和制约,即便是现在的乡镇企业也不例外。因此我们要从“上与下”、“外与内”、“传统与现代”的纠结中借助于话语、文化的冲突和融合来历史地看待社队企业的发展和曲折性,而这也正是社队企业研究的价值和魅力所在。
[Abstract]:Traditionally, our country is an agricultural country, and the rural society constitutes a broader social subject than the city in terms of region and population. After the founding of New China, such movements as land reform, cooperation, and people's communes were launched on the stage of the countryside, with the aim of avoiding the trap of the "historical cycle" of the traditional rural society and following the road of socialist revolution and construction. In order to realize the transformation of the village from traditional to modern. As a wing of China's national industrialization, the social team enterprises accompanied the whole process of the people's commune, and changed into the township enterprises after the disintegration of the commune system. Its appearance is the result that the national discourse adapts to the "semi-industrialization" and the industrialization evolution of the traditional handicraft industry in our country. Under the promotion of the cooperative and people's commune movement, the Shandong social team enterprise ushered in the initial climax. However, because of the special times and circumstances, the mistakes of "left", such as "taking steel as the outline", "anti-right-leaning", "class struggle", "cultural revolution" and so on, have not only caused the "aphasia" of the peasant discourse and the "retreat" of the family. It also violates the development law of rural society itself and seriously hinders the healthy development of social team enterprises. History is not transferred by the subjective will of human beings. The transcendence of ideal and the difficulty of reality make peasants wake up from "restlessness", peasant discourse and rural traditional culture influence and permeate each other with political discourse and national mainstream culture. In the conflict, the reform and opening up has become the main melody of that era, and the social team enterprise has also ushered in the great development period after recovery from the decline of the initial rise. Social team enterprises are not only the modernization transformation of traditional economy, but also the influence and restriction of traditional factors, even the present township enterprises are no exception. Therefore, we should historically look at the development and tortuosity of social team enterprises from the entanglement of "top and bottom", "outside and inside", "tradition and modern" with the aid of discourse, cultural conflict and integration. And this is also the value and charm of social team enterprise research.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27;F279.29

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