晚清驻外公使与清政府教育改革

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:56

【摘要】：鸦片战争结束后,胜利的西方国家不愿再像以往屈尊于中国“天朝大国”的威名之下,他们希望能够与清政府互派常驻使节,以建立平等的外交关系,为此,西方驻外公使与清政府开始了长达25年的交涉。在交涉过程中,清政府在西方驻外公使的诱导下完成了三次具有尝试性的使节派遣,这为清政府派遣驻外公使提供了宝贵的经验,加上国内外交事务的逐渐增多,1875年,清政府任命郭嵩焘为驻英国公使,终于开启了近代外交的大门。为了寻求富国强民之道,走出国门之后的晚清驻外公使对西方社会进行了详细而客观的调查,他们发现西方国家对教育的巨大投资以及对国民教育的普及重视是其兴旺的根本,为了培养适应时务需求的各种实学人才,他们要求变革科举,兴办语言、实业、武备、法律学堂,并且提倡派遣优秀学生出国留学,以建立现代教育体制,不仅如此,在海外长期旅居的驻外公使们在保护中国侨民的同时也注意到侨民教育的重要性,为了维护清王朝的统治以及为清王朝培养更多的实学人才,他们积极筹办侨民教育事宜。回国之后驻外公使还亲身投入到教育改革的浪潮,他们通过创办新式学堂、上呈奏折等方式为清政府的教育改革积极出谋划策。驻外公使对新式教育的推广,在一定程度上改变了人们陈腐的教育观念,推动了晚清教育改革的步伐,但是,深受中国传统文化教育的他们,迟迟未能明确提出兴办女学的口号,在欣赏西方先进科学技术时也总摆脱不掉“西学中源”思想的束缚,而且他们非常赞同镇压留学生革命运动,这些又反映了他们畏于封建势力,缺乏冲破封建传统文化束缚的勇气,同时这也决定了他们无法完成中国教育近代化的重任。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, the victorious Western countries were no longer willing to condescend to the name of China's "great power of the Chinese dynasty" as they used to be. They hoped to be able to exchange permanent envoys with the Qing government to establish equal diplomatic relations. Western ambassadors abroad began negotiations with the Qing government for 25 years. In the process of negotiation, the Qing government completed three diplomatic missions under the guidance of Western foreign ministers, which provided valuable experience for the Qing government to dispatch foreign envoys, plus the gradual increase of domestic foreign affairs, 1875. The Qing government appointed Guo Songtao as minister to Britain and finally opened the door of modern diplomacy. In order to find a way to enrich the country and strengthen the people, the foreign ministers stationed in the late Qing Dynasty carried out a detailed and objective investigation into the western society after going abroad. They found that the great investment in education and the importance attached to the popularization of national education in the western countries were the root of its prosperity. In order to train all kinds of practical talents to meet the needs of the times, they demanded the reform of imperial examinations, the establishment of language, industrial, military, military and law schools, and the promotion of sending outstanding students abroad to study in order to establish a modern educational system. In order to maintain the rule of Qing Dynasty and train more practical talents, the foreign ministers who have been living abroad for a long time paid attention to the importance of education while protecting the Chinese diaspora. After returning to China, the foreign ministers also put themselves into the tide of education reform. They made active suggestions for the education reform of the Qing government through the establishment of new schools and the presentation of notes. To a certain extent, the spread of new education by foreign ministers changed people's stereotypical educational concepts and promoted the pace of educational reform in the late Qing Dynasty. However, they were deeply educated by Chinese traditional culture. The late delay in putting forward the slogan of setting up women's schools, while appreciating the advanced science and technology in the West, has always been unable to get rid of the shackles of the idea of "the origin of western learning", and they are very much in favour of suppressing the revolutionary movement of foreign students. These also reflected their fear of feudal forces and their lack of courage to break through the shackles of feudal traditional culture, which also determined that they could not complete the task of modernizing Chinese education.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252

【参考文献】