战后武汉社会救济事业研究（1945-1949年）
发布时间：2018-11-06 18:59
【摘要】：武汉七年沦陷期间,成千上万的居民无家可归；再加上天灾的频仍和内战的爆发,致使战后的武汉出现大量亟需救济的贫民、难民。为了解决这些贫民、难民的救济问题,战后武汉建立了不同级别的社会救济机构。这些机构有中央的,也有地方的；有政府的,也有民间的。本文以战后(1945——1949)武汉的社会救济事业为研究对象,广泛收集档案资料和当时的报刊资料,以期能对其做一个相对全面的介绍和较深刻的分析。 论文共分五章。第一章主要从现实原因来简要分析抗日战争后武汉社会救济事业的产生。所谓的现实原因主要是指抗战遗留的问题、战后自然灾害以及国共战争造就的大量亟待救济的贫苦者。 第二章从整体上论述了武汉设立的相关救济机构以及其中最具代表性的武汉临时救济委员会的救济活动。本章首先从总体上梳理了战后武汉存在的相关救济机构,然后重点介绍了武汉临时救济委员会的成立及其救济活动。武汉临时救济委员会是战后政府创办较早的社会救济机构,其开展的救济工作,一定程度上救助了难民和贫民,但囿于经费不足等因素的影响,救济效果并不理想,不过它的一些救济经验为以后武汉的一些社会救济机构所借鉴。 第三章重点考察汉口市的救济情况,以汉口市社会救济委员会为例来分析当地社会救济事业的开展及其资金方面的运作。汉口市社会救济委员会在贫民救济、儿童救济、劳工救济等诸方面较之前的武汉临时救济委员会更进一步。在资金运作方面,它大力发动社会力量的参与,因而其救济经费来源也更广 第四章对抗战后武汉民间的社会救济事业进行了考察。由于晚清民国时期武汉三镇善堂林立,所以本章以善堂为例来介绍武汉民间社会救济事业的概况,此外还述及同乡会的救济活动。这一时期的民间救济团体除了办理自己的救济活动外,还承办政府的一些救济活动。 第五章重点考察政府与民间在社会救济事业上通力合作的事例。本章以冬令救济、施粥厂为例,分析政府与民间救济团体在社会救济方面是如何合作和配合的。 总之,本文通过对战后政府、民间以及政府和民间的救济活动的论述,展现出乱世之中救济活动开展的艰难。社会救济不仅仅要靠政府,更要充分动员社会力量来参与其间,这或许是战后武汉社会救济事业留给我们的宝贵经验。
[Abstract]:During the seven years of the fall of Wuhan, thousands of people were homeless. Combined with the frequency of natural disasters and the outbreak of civil war, there were a large number of needy poor and refugees in Wuhan after the war. In order to solve the problem of relief for the poor and refugees, different levels of social relief organizations were established in Wuhan after the war. There are central and local organizations, governments and people. Taking the social relief work in Wuhan after the war (1945-1949) as the research object, this paper collects widely the archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time, in order to make a relatively comprehensive introduction and more profound analysis to it. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly analyzes the emergence of social relief in Wuhan after the War of Resistance against Japan. The so-called realistic reasons mainly refer to the problems left over by the War of Resistance against Japan, the natural disasters after the war and the large number of poor people in urgent need of relief created by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The second chapter discusses the relief activities of Wuhan interim Relief Committee. This chapter firstly combs the existence of relief agencies in Wuhan after the war, and then introduces the establishment of Wuhan interim Relief Committee and its relief activities. The Wuhan interim Relief Committee was an early social relief organization established by the government after the war. Its relief work to a certain extent helped the refugees and the poor, but due to the influence of insufficient funds and other factors, the relief effect was not satisfactory. However, some of its relief experience will be used for reference by some social relief organizations in Wuhan. The third chapter focuses on the relief situation in Hankou City, taking the Social Relief Committee of Hankou City as an example to analyze the development of local social relief undertakings and the operation of their funds. The Social Relief Committee of Hankou City went further than the Wuhan interim Relief Committee in such aspects as poverty relief, child relief, labor relief and so on. In the aspect of fund operation, it makes great efforts to mobilize the participation of social forces, so its relief funding sources are also broader. Chapter IV examines the social relief cause of civil society in Wuhan after the war. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were three towns in Wuhan, so this chapter takes Shantang as an example to introduce the general situation of civil society relief in Wuhan, in addition, it also discusses the relief activities of fellow townsfolk associations. In addition to their own relief activities, folk relief organizations in this period also undertook some relief activities of the government. Chapter V focuses on the government and civil cooperation in the cause of social relief examples. This chapter takes the winter relief, the porridge factory as an example, analyzes how the government and the folk relief organizations cooperate and cooperate in the aspect of social relief. In a word, this paper demonstrates the difficulties of relief activities in turbulent times by discussing the relief activities of the government, civil society, government and folk after the war. Social relief depends not only on the government, but also on the mobilization of social forces to participate in it. This may be a valuable experience left to us by the cause of social relief in Wuhan after the war.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K266
本文编号：2315177
[Abstract]:During the seven years of the fall of Wuhan, thousands of people were homeless. Combined with the frequency of natural disasters and the outbreak of civil war, there were a large number of needy poor and refugees in Wuhan after the war. In order to solve the problem of relief for the poor and refugees, different levels of social relief organizations were established in Wuhan after the war. There are central and local organizations, governments and people. Taking the social relief work in Wuhan after the war (1945-1949) as the research object, this paper collects widely the archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time, in order to make a relatively comprehensive introduction and more profound analysis to it. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly analyzes the emergence of social relief in Wuhan after the War of Resistance against Japan. The so-called realistic reasons mainly refer to the problems left over by the War of Resistance against Japan, the natural disasters after the war and the large number of poor people in urgent need of relief created by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The second chapter discusses the relief activities of Wuhan interim Relief Committee. This chapter firstly combs the existence of relief agencies in Wuhan after the war, and then introduces the establishment of Wuhan interim Relief Committee and its relief activities. The Wuhan interim Relief Committee was an early social relief organization established by the government after the war. Its relief work to a certain extent helped the refugees and the poor, but due to the influence of insufficient funds and other factors, the relief effect was not satisfactory. However, some of its relief experience will be used for reference by some social relief organizations in Wuhan. The third chapter focuses on the relief situation in Hankou City, taking the Social Relief Committee of Hankou City as an example to analyze the development of local social relief undertakings and the operation of their funds. The Social Relief Committee of Hankou City went further than the Wuhan interim Relief Committee in such aspects as poverty relief, child relief, labor relief and so on. In the aspect of fund operation, it makes great efforts to mobilize the participation of social forces, so its relief funding sources are also broader. Chapter IV examines the social relief cause of civil society in Wuhan after the war. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were three towns in Wuhan, so this chapter takes Shantang as an example to introduce the general situation of civil society relief in Wuhan, in addition, it also discusses the relief activities of fellow townsfolk associations. In addition to their own relief activities, folk relief organizations in this period also undertook some relief activities of the government. Chapter V focuses on the government and civil cooperation in the cause of social relief examples. This chapter takes the winter relief, the porridge factory as an example, analyzes how the government and the folk relief organizations cooperate and cooperate in the aspect of social relief. In a word, this paper demonstrates the difficulties of relief activities in turbulent times by discussing the relief activities of the government, civil society, government and folk after the war. Social relief depends not only on the government, but also on the mobilization of social forces to participate in it. This may be a valuable experience left to us by the cause of social relief in Wuhan after the war.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K266
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