民国乡村税收中的村庄领导阶层及其权力变迁——以20世纪二三十年代的山西村长副为个案

发布时间：2018-11-11 14:28

【摘要】：民国时期,传统的村庄领导阶层的类型范围、社会角色与功能都发生着重要变化。在山西乡村,由于政府控制基层社会的需要,村庄的作用和地位得到史无前例的提高,村长副的权力也相对较大,因此地主士绅大都主动担任了村庄的领导职务。但随着山西"村政"建设实施之下农村事务的繁多,再加上后来农村田赋等税负日益繁重,农民陷入了广泛的贫困中,村庄的赋税征收往往成为一种无法圆满完成的任务,这导致村长副等村庄领导阶层的权力发生了根本的变化。很多时候,村长副不得不垫付村里上交的赋税,有的为此倾家荡产或丧失性命。因此,不要说地主富农,就是一般的农户也不愿担任村长副这一职务。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, important changes have taken place in the types, social roles and functions of the traditional village leadership. Because of the need of the government to control the grass-roots society, the role and status of the village has been improved in an unprecedented way, and the power of the village chief and deputy is relatively large. Therefore, most landlords and gentry have taken the initiative to take up the leadership position of the village. However, with the variety of rural affairs under the implementation of the "village government" construction in Shanxi Province, and the increasing burden of taxes on rural land and other taxes later, farmers have fallen into widespread poverty, and the collection of taxes in villages has often become a task that cannot be satisfactorily completed. This led to a fundamental change in the power of the village leadership, including the deputy chief of the village. In many cases, village chiefs have to pay taxes paid by the village, and some have lost their property or lost their lives. Therefore, do not say that the landlords and rich peasants, even the general peasant does not want to hold the post of deputy village head.
【作者单位】：运城学院政法系;
【基金】：山西省软科学研究项目(项目编号:2013041056-04) 运城学院博士启动基金项目(编号:YQ-2012009)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K258

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