北洋军阀统治时期“无形政党”研究
发布时间：2018-11-12 13:57
【摘要】： 政党和政党政治出现于西方资产阶级革命,是人类近代政治文明的产物,在人类社会从近代向现代过渡的历史长河中发挥了令人瞩目的作用。当前,无论是中国还是世界,已经开始了建设现代政治文明、迈向政治现代化的新的历史进程,而政党和政党政治因其业已凸显的内在合理性,必将为人类文明史续写更为华丽的篇章。 中国的政党和政党政治尝试始于民国初年,以西方竞争型政党政治为模板。由于当时的中国严重缺少现代政党和政党政治生存的经济基础、阶级基础、社会文化等条件,以致这场轰轰烈烈开始的政党政治实践最终以袁世凯复辟为标志而宣告彻底失败。基于这次失败留下的政治阴影,加之中国传统“君子不党”观念的影响,1916年民国恢复后的政党为适应当时的形势开始了自身的转型,去政党之名而以团体面目出现,陆续形成了研究系、商榷系、交通系、安福系等政团,时人称之为“无形政党”,中国政党史由此进入“无形政党”时期。 本文正是以袁世凯之后的北洋军阀统治时期的“无形政党”为研究对象,阐述“无形政党”形成与覆灭的背景、过程、原因及其对中国政党和政党政治建设的史鉴意义。由于本文研究问题可归入宪法史的范畴,因此历史分析的研究方法显得尤为重要。文章以历史唯物主义为基本立场,以“无形政党”形成、发展、覆灭的历史事实为依据,通过对历史文献的分析以求对“无形政党”问题形成较为深刻的认识。 文章共分五个部分： 引言部分从大历史的角度宏观描述整个民国政党史的发展脉络,为“无形政党”作出准确的时间定位。继而简述自民国以来我国学界对“无形政党”问题的研究状况,点明研究本课题的理论意义和现实意义。 第一章首先交代“无形政党”形成之前社会背景,即民初政党政治的尝试及其失败,然后以白描的方式叙述各主要的“无形政党”形成的过程以及其最终的历史命运。 第二章以历史唯物的方法分析“无形政党”出现与覆灭的原因。既阐述民初政党政治尝试的失败对“无形政党”形成所造成的具体影响,又从历史中探寻原因——传统中国“君子不党”观念的影响。在中国资本主义经济发展缓慢、资产阶级力量薄弱的时代背景下,在北洋军阀集团继续推行军阀政治的社会条件下,“无形政党”的覆灭是历史的必然。 第三章以现代政党所不可或缺的应然要素为标准对“无形政党”进行客观地定性分析。由于缺少起码的政党要素,缺少政党运行的基本功能,缺乏政党赖以生存的社会基础并且丧失了政党存在的独立性,“无形政党”已不再具有现代政党的意义,异变为一种具有浓厚封建朋党色彩的畸形的政党。 第四章用历史发展的眼光审视“无形政党”的兴衰现象对中国建设现代化政党和政党政治的启示意义。透过历史提炼出现代政党政治的一些普适性规律,最终得出结论：只有将这些客观规律与中国特殊国情相结合,建设真正具有独立品格的中国式政党政治,才是中国实现现代政治文明的正确道路。
[Abstract]:The political party and the party politics appear in the western bourgeois revolution, which is the product of the modern political civilization of mankind, and plays an important role in the history of the modern transition from the modern to the modern transition. At present, whether China or the world, it has begun to build the modern political civilization and move towards the new historical process of political modernization. The political attempt of political party and party in China began in the first year of the People's Republic of China, with the view of the Western competitive politics and the party politics As a result of the serious shortage of the economic base, class foundation, and social culture of the modern political party and the party and the party's political and political existence in China at that time, the political and political practice of the Party and the Party in the beginning of this detonation was declared by Yuan Shikai as a sign. On the basis of the political shadow left by this failure and the influence of traditional Chinese 鈥渁 gentleman is not a party鈥，
本文编号：2327309
[Abstract]:The political party and the party politics appear in the western bourgeois revolution, which is the product of the modern political civilization of mankind, and plays an important role in the history of the modern transition from the modern to the modern transition. At present, whether China or the world, it has begun to build the modern political civilization and move towards the new historical process of political modernization. The political attempt of political party and party in China began in the first year of the People's Republic of China, with the view of the Western competitive politics and the party politics As a result of the serious shortage of the economic base, class foundation, and social culture of the modern political party and the party and the party's political and political existence in China at that time, the political and political practice of the Party and the Party in the beginning of this detonation was declared by Yuan Shikai as a sign. On the basis of the political shadow left by this failure and the influence of traditional Chinese 鈥渁 gentleman is not a party鈥，
本文编号：2327309
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