武汉“新秩序”的建构与民众生存处境（1938-1945）
发布时间：2018-11-12 16:02
【摘要】：20世纪80年代至今,在学者蔡德金、黄美真等的辛勤耕耘下,沦陷区研究取得了丰硕的成果。研究内容多集中在日伪的殖民统治、政权运作、经济统制和奴化教育等方面,全面再现了日伪在沦陷区的侵略行径。检溯已有成果,多从批判、控诉角度出发,站在沦陷区外部审视沦陷区。本文从沦陷区内部视角出发,站在日伪与民众互动的角度,探析沦陷时期武汉社会秩序变迁的过程。和以往研究日伪破坏原有社会秩序不同,本文着眼于日伪如何建构和维持“新秩序”,及至崩解的过程。日军在初入武汉时,制造了一系列恐怖和屠杀惨案,以暴力手段震慑了武汉民众。在释放战争的紧张情绪之后,日军特务部立即开展“枪后工作”,致力于恢复和稳定社会秩序。自武汉治安维持会成立到伪武汉特别市政府的成立与运作,沦陷后的武汉渐渐走入了由日伪统治的“新常态”。当战事甫定,四乡逃难民众复归武汉,武汉人口渐有恢复。日伪当局建立严苛的军宪警统治,严密防范抗日力量在武汉的活动;推行经济统制政策,管理武汉地区的民生物资配给;加强思想文化领域的控制,开展新国民运动,消解普通民众的仇日、反日情绪。诸种统治措施的推行,意图培养忠实于日伪统治的“顺民”,达到以日本人为主、伪政权为辅、普通民众广泛参与的“东亚新秩序”。1941年12月,太平洋战争爆发,日军进入法租界,全面控制武汉。随着日军在太平洋战场由优势转为劣势,武汉地区的经济运行陷入到了危险的境地。因本地产出所限,外加配合日军“以战养战”之策略,武汉物资供应十分紧缺,物价急剧上涨。先前尚能依赖之海外进口物资,也随着日军战略失势而航路受阻。加之,新四军、国民党特工人员在武汉和周边地区的抗日活动,让日本人如坐针毡,日伪在武汉地区的统治危机四伏。进入1944年,美军飞机轰炸武汉,严重破坏了武汉地区的社会经济运转。武汉地区粮食供应极为紧张,其他民生用品价格也飞涨,恶性通货膨胀持续,民生处境急剧恶化,日伪在武汉地区的统治处在崩溃的边缘。总之,沦陷时期武汉社会秩序在日伪的主导下,随着日军战略推进发生变化。在日伪统治下的普通民众出于生存的考量,与日本人保持着有限的“合作”,同时也利用“弱者的武器”,采取非组织的个人行动消解着日伪的正常统治秩序。在沦陷情境下,不同主体基于利益的考虑,有着不同的行动逻辑。日伪的统治以暴力作为后盾,以经济统制和思想控制为手段,既建立起了严密的殖民统治体系,也因战争推进而消解了维持占领秩序的努力,充分显示了暴力统治下社会秩序的殖民性与脆弱性。
[Abstract]:Since 1980's, with the painstaking efforts of scholars Cai Dejin and Huang Meizhen, the study of enemy-occupied areas has achieved fruitful results. The research focuses on the colonial rule, regime operation, economic control and enslavement education, which comprehensively reproduces the aggression of the Japanese puppet in the occupied areas. From the point of view of criticism and prosecution, we should examine the enemy-occupied areas from the outside of the enemy-occupied areas. From the perspective of the interior of the enemy-occupied area, this paper analyzes the process of the social order change in Wuhan during the period of enemy-occupied area from the angle of the interaction between the Japanese and the people. Different from previous studies, this paper focuses on how to construct and maintain the "new order" and disintegrate it. When the Japanese first arrived in Wuhan, they created a series of horrors and massacres, and used violence to frighten the people of Wuhan. After releasing the tension of the war, the Japanese Secret Service immediately began "behind the gun" to restore and stabilize social order. From the establishment of Wuhan Public order maintenance Association to the establishment and operation of the special municipal government, Wuhan gradually entered the "new normal". When the war was settled, four villages fled back to Wuhan, Wuhan population gradually recovered. The Japanese puppet authorities established strict military, constitutional and police rule, strictly guarded against the activities of anti-Japanese forces in Wuhan, carried out economic control policies, and managed the distribution of goods and materials for the people's livelihood in Wuhan. Strengthen ideological and cultural control, carry out a new national movement, eliminate the common people's hatred of Japan, anti-Japanese sentiment. The implementation of various kinds of ruling measures is intended to cultivate the "obedient people" loyal to the Japanese-pseudo-rule, and to reach the "New order of East Asia", which is dominated by the Japanese, supplemented by pseudo-regimes and widely participated by ordinary people. In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out. The Japanese troops entered the French concession and took full control of Wuhan. As the Japanese moved from strength to inferiority in the Pacific, Wuhan's economy ran dangerously. Due to local output constraints, coupled with the Japanese "war" strategy, Wuhan supplies are very scarce, prices rise sharply. Previously dependent on overseas imports, as the Japanese military strategic decline and blocked the route. In addition, the New fourth Army, Kuomintang agents in Wuhan and the surrounding areas of anti-Japanese activities, so that the Japanese on pins and needles, bogus rule in Wuhan region crisis. In 1944, US planes bombed Wuhan, seriously undermining the socio-economic functioning of Wuhan. Food supplies in Wuhan are extremely tight, other household goods prices are skyrocketing, hyperinflation continues, people's livelihood is deteriorating sharply, and the rule of Japanese puppet in Wuhan is on the verge of collapse. In a word, the social order in Wuhan changed with the advance of Japanese strategy. In order to survive, the ordinary people under the Japanese puppet rule maintain limited "cooperation" with the Japanese people, and at the same time, take non-organization individual action to eliminate the normal ruling order of the Japanese puppet by using the "weapon of the weak". In the situation of enemy-occupied, different subjects have different logic of action based on the consideration of interests. With violence as its backing and economic control and ideological control as its means, Japanese-pseudo-Japanese rule not only established a strict colonial system, but also dispelled the efforts to maintain the occupation order because of the advance of the war. It fully shows the colonization and fragility of social order under violent rule.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265
本文编号：2327538
[Abstract]:Since 1980's, with the painstaking efforts of scholars Cai Dejin and Huang Meizhen, the study of enemy-occupied areas has achieved fruitful results. The research focuses on the colonial rule, regime operation, economic control and enslavement education, which comprehensively reproduces the aggression of the Japanese puppet in the occupied areas. From the point of view of criticism and prosecution, we should examine the enemy-occupied areas from the outside of the enemy-occupied areas. From the perspective of the interior of the enemy-occupied area, this paper analyzes the process of the social order change in Wuhan during the period of enemy-occupied area from the angle of the interaction between the Japanese and the people. Different from previous studies, this paper focuses on how to construct and maintain the "new order" and disintegrate it. When the Japanese first arrived in Wuhan, they created a series of horrors and massacres, and used violence to frighten the people of Wuhan. After releasing the tension of the war, the Japanese Secret Service immediately began "behind the gun" to restore and stabilize social order. From the establishment of Wuhan Public order maintenance Association to the establishment and operation of the special municipal government, Wuhan gradually entered the "new normal". When the war was settled, four villages fled back to Wuhan, Wuhan population gradually recovered. The Japanese puppet authorities established strict military, constitutional and police rule, strictly guarded against the activities of anti-Japanese forces in Wuhan, carried out economic control policies, and managed the distribution of goods and materials for the people's livelihood in Wuhan. Strengthen ideological and cultural control, carry out a new national movement, eliminate the common people's hatred of Japan, anti-Japanese sentiment. The implementation of various kinds of ruling measures is intended to cultivate the "obedient people" loyal to the Japanese-pseudo-rule, and to reach the "New order of East Asia", which is dominated by the Japanese, supplemented by pseudo-regimes and widely participated by ordinary people. In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out. The Japanese troops entered the French concession and took full control of Wuhan. As the Japanese moved from strength to inferiority in the Pacific, Wuhan's economy ran dangerously. Due to local output constraints, coupled with the Japanese "war" strategy, Wuhan supplies are very scarce, prices rise sharply. Previously dependent on overseas imports, as the Japanese military strategic decline and blocked the route. In addition, the New fourth Army, Kuomintang agents in Wuhan and the surrounding areas of anti-Japanese activities, so that the Japanese on pins and needles, bogus rule in Wuhan region crisis. In 1944, US planes bombed Wuhan, seriously undermining the socio-economic functioning of Wuhan. Food supplies in Wuhan are extremely tight, other household goods prices are skyrocketing, hyperinflation continues, people's livelihood is deteriorating sharply, and the rule of Japanese puppet in Wuhan is on the verge of collapse. In a word, the social order in Wuhan changed with the advance of Japanese strategy. In order to survive, the ordinary people under the Japanese puppet rule maintain limited "cooperation" with the Japanese people, and at the same time, take non-organization individual action to eliminate the normal ruling order of the Japanese puppet by using the "weapon of the weak". In the situation of enemy-occupied, different subjects have different logic of action based on the consideration of interests. With violence as its backing and economic control and ideological control as its means, Japanese-pseudo-Japanese rule not only established a strict colonial system, but also dispelled the efforts to maintain the occupation order because of the advance of the war. It fully shows the colonization and fragility of social order under violent rule.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265
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