抗战初期湖南省政府民众动员研究（1937-1938）

发布时间：2018-11-12 17:10

【摘要】：抗日战争初期,日本侵略军疯狂进攻,中国军队却边抵抗边撤退,丢失了半壁河山,原本处于中国大陆腹地的湖南省也渐渐从抗战后援基地逼近为抗战前哨阵地。日军兵锋咄咄逼人,不可一世,湖南局势已是黑云压城城欲摧,山雨欲来风满楼。谁来稳定湖南?谁来保卫湖南?这时张治中受任于败兵之际,奉命于危难之间,铁肩担大任。他提出,中国军队的失败要归咎于中国只有军队抗战,而没有民众抗战。因为政府没有进行民众动员,所以民众不了解抗战和不支持抗战,政府既不能调动民众力量源源不断地补充军队持续损耗,也不能发动民众配合军队作战。同时张治中也提出湖南基层政府领导人物既庸且愚,不学无术,无法适应应敌备战需要,必须发动一场民众运动革新湖南人事制度。为此他提出了民众动员是争取抗战胜利的关键,民众动员是复兴民族的基础,等思想,成立了湖南省民众训练指导处和湖南省民众抗日自卫团、湖南民众抗敌统一委员会等组织机构,采取了颁布民训法令,发动舆论宣传,倡导军民合作,鼓励抗战捐输,编审民训读物,改革征兵制度,收编苗族起义军等措施。这些努力唤醒了湖南民众的民族意识和国家观念,把湖南建成了抗日救亡基地,伤兵救护基地,难民救济基地,兵源供应基地,物质供应基地,全国抗战物质中转站。并且清明了吏治,改善了社会风气。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, the invading army of Japan attacked madly, but the Chinese army retreated while resisting, and lost half of the mountains. Hunan Province, which was in the hinterland of the Chinese mainland, was gradually approaching from the backup base of the War of Resistance to Resistance as an outpost of the War of Resistance against Japan. Japanese troops aggressive, can not live, Hunan situation has been dark cloud pressure city to destroy, rain to wind to the building. Who will stabilize Hunan? Who will defend Hunan? At this time Zhang Zhizhong was appointed in the defeat of the army, ordered between the crisis, the iron shoulder of the responsibility. He blamed the Chinese army's failure on the fact that China had fought only the army, not the masses. Because the government has not mobilized the people, so the people do not understand and do not support the war, the government can neither mobilize the people to continuously replenish the army, but also can not mobilize the people to cooperate with the army to fight. At the same time, Zhang Zhizhong also pointed out that the leaders at the grass-roots level of Hunan Province are both humble and ignorant, unable to adapt to the needs of the enemy in preparing for war, and must launch a mass movement to reform Hunan's personnel system. For this reason, he proposed that popular mobilization is the key to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, and that the mobilization of the people is the basis for reviving the nation, and so on. He established the Hunan Provincial people's training and guidance Office and the Hunan Provincial people's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Regiment. The Hunan people Anti-enemy Unification Commission and other organizations have adopted measures such as promulgating the law of civilian training, arousing public opinion and propaganda, advocating military-civilian cooperation, encouraging the donation and donation of the War of Resistance against Japan, compiling and examining books for civilian training, reforming the system of conscription, and reorganizing the Hmong Rebellion. These efforts have awakened the national consciousness and national concept of the people in Hunan and built Hunan into a base for anti-Japanese salvation, a base for rescue of wounded soldiers, a base for refugee relief, a base for supply of soldiers, a base for material supply, and a material transit station for the whole country. And the Qing Ming administration of officials, improve the social atmosphere.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

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