新生到衰亡：汉口钱庄业研究（1949-1952）
发布时间：2018-11-15 07:14
【摘要】：金融问题关系经济发展和国计民生,银行等金融机构在经济活动中居于中心位置。在有关汉口金融机构的研究中,史学界给予了银行极高的关注。在近代以来的汉口金融机构中,钱庄一直占据着很重要的地位,但关于钱庄的研究却比较薄弱。本文拟从汉口地区的钱庄业这一角度入手,以时间为脉络,梳理汉口地区的钱庄业在建国初期由几近衰亡到重生,再到走向消失的一系列演变过程,并分析各方势力在这一过程中的态度及其原因,探讨以钱庄业为代表的私营银钱业在新的政治和社会环境下如何调整自我的角色和进行自我定位。武汉解放前夕,经历了国民政府的压榨和严苛盘剥以及战乱的破坏,汉口地区的钱庄业经营惨淡,大批钱庄停业,进行投机倒把的活动,而正常的存放款、汇兑业务几乎无人问津。1949年5月16日武汉解放后,政府出于稳定金融、恢复经济的目的,在暂时无法全面掌握金融市场的情况下,需要钱庄等金融机构在活跃经济、稳定市场方面发挥作用。但同时需要对解放前汉口钱庄业的种种经营乱像和不正之风加以整顿,使之能更好的为发展经济服务。因此武汉市军管会、中国人民银行汉口分行等机构出台多项管理办法,对钱庄业进行审查登记、增资验资等,初步建立了比较有序的金融秩序。同时,钱庄业对于新政府的这些管理措施采取了不同的应对方法。在经历长达半年的整顿管理后,汉口的钱庄业逐步摆脱混乱,走向有序的恢复和发展。但随着新政府的努力,此时全国财经走向统一,银钱业放款利率下降,同时由于缺少了混乱时期的各种不正当收入,钱庄业此时面临着严重的困难局面。政府制定了一系列的优惠措施,帮助钱庄摆脱困境,同时积极促使钱庄业开始联合营业。从1950年5月开始,在武汉金融管理部门的推动下以及全国金融业联席会议的号召下,汉口地区钱庄业主动要求联合经营,成立三个联营集团,并逐步走向合并,成立武汉市联合商业银行。此后由于业务不振,联合商业银行停业清理,转营土产运销业。至此,汉口钱庄业完全消亡。
[Abstract]:Financial problems are related to economic development and people's livelihood. Banks and other financial institutions play a central role in economic activities. In the research of Hankou financial institutions, the historiography circles pay great attention to the banks. In the modern Hankou financial institutions, the bank has been occupying a very important position, but the study of the bank is relatively weak. Starting from the angle of the banking industry in Hankou, this paper, taking time as the context, combs the series of evolution of the banking industry in Hankou from near decline to rebirth at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and then to disappearing. This paper also analyzes the attitudes and reasons of the various forces in this process, and probes into how the private money industry, represented by the banking industry, can adjust its role and position itself in the new political and social environment. On the eve of the liberation of Wuhan, after being squeezed and severely exploited by the National Government and destroyed by the war, the operation of the money banks in Hankou was poor, a large number of banks closed down, carried out speculative activities, and deposited money normally. After the liberation of Wuhan on May 16, 1949, the government, for the purpose of stabilizing finance and restoring the economy, needed money banks and other financial institutions to be active in the economy when it was temporarily unable to fully grasp the financial market. Play a role in stabilizing the market. But at the same time, it is necessary to rectify all kinds of business chaos and unhealthy trend of Hankou money bank before liberation, so that it can better serve for the development of economy. Therefore, the Wuhan Municipal military Management Committee, the people's Bank of China Hankou Branch and other institutions issued a number of management measures to examine and register the banking industry, increase capital and verify capital, and initially established a relatively orderly financial order. At the same time, the banking industry has taken different measures to deal with these management measures of the new government. After six months of rectification and management, Hankou's money bank industry gradually got rid of chaos and moved towards orderly recovery and development. However, with the efforts of the new government, at this time the national finance and economics tend to be unified, the lending rate of the money industry drops, at the same time, because of the lack of various kinds of improper income in the chaotic period, the money bank industry is faced with serious difficulties at this time. The government has set up a series of preferential measures to help the banks out of trouble, while actively promoting the joint operation of the banking industry. Since May 1950, under the impetus of the Wuhan Financial Management Department and the call of the National Financial Industry Joint Conference, the Hankou region's money bank industry has taken the initiative to request joint operation, set up three consortia, and gradually moved towards merger. The establishment of Wuhan City United Commercial Bank. Since then, due to the lack of business, United Commercial Bank closed to clean up, local products transport and marketing. At this point, Hankou money bank industry completely died out.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2332523
[Abstract]:Financial problems are related to economic development and people's livelihood. Banks and other financial institutions play a central role in economic activities. In the research of Hankou financial institutions, the historiography circles pay great attention to the banks. In the modern Hankou financial institutions, the bank has been occupying a very important position, but the study of the bank is relatively weak. Starting from the angle of the banking industry in Hankou, this paper, taking time as the context, combs the series of evolution of the banking industry in Hankou from near decline to rebirth at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and then to disappearing. This paper also analyzes the attitudes and reasons of the various forces in this process, and probes into how the private money industry, represented by the banking industry, can adjust its role and position itself in the new political and social environment. On the eve of the liberation of Wuhan, after being squeezed and severely exploited by the National Government and destroyed by the war, the operation of the money banks in Hankou was poor, a large number of banks closed down, carried out speculative activities, and deposited money normally. After the liberation of Wuhan on May 16, 1949, the government, for the purpose of stabilizing finance and restoring the economy, needed money banks and other financial institutions to be active in the economy when it was temporarily unable to fully grasp the financial market. Play a role in stabilizing the market. But at the same time, it is necessary to rectify all kinds of business chaos and unhealthy trend of Hankou money bank before liberation, so that it can better serve for the development of economy. Therefore, the Wuhan Municipal military Management Committee, the people's Bank of China Hankou Branch and other institutions issued a number of management measures to examine and register the banking industry, increase capital and verify capital, and initially established a relatively orderly financial order. At the same time, the banking industry has taken different measures to deal with these management measures of the new government. After six months of rectification and management, Hankou's money bank industry gradually got rid of chaos and moved towards orderly recovery and development. However, with the efforts of the new government, at this time the national finance and economics tend to be unified, the lending rate of the money industry drops, at the same time, because of the lack of various kinds of improper income in the chaotic period, the money bank industry is faced with serious difficulties at this time. The government has set up a series of preferential measures to help the banks out of trouble, while actively promoting the joint operation of the banking industry. Since May 1950, under the impetus of the Wuhan Financial Management Department and the call of the National Financial Industry Joint Conference, the Hankou region's money bank industry has taken the initiative to request joint operation, set up three consortia, and gradually moved towards merger. The establishment of Wuhan City United Commercial Bank. Since then, due to the lack of business, United Commercial Bank closed to clean up, local products transport and marketing. At this point, Hankou money bank industry completely died out.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27
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