“进步主义”在中国:芮恩施与欧美同学会的共享经历

发布时间：2018-11-19 15:07

【摘要】：一战前后,美国"进步主义"跨越太平洋,在中国大行其道。这既是由于一战所造成的特殊的国际情境使然,还与美国驻华公使芮恩施、欧美同学会及其姊妹团体中国社会政治学会的努力提倡有关。进步主义的两大思想流派,即实验主义与威尔逊主义对"五四"时期的中国文化、政治、外交等方面都造成了不同程度的影响。胡适将实验主义引入学术研究,开创了现代中国学术研究的新典范,使得进步主义对现代中国的学术发展产生了持久性影响;威尔逊主义不仅激发了"五四"知识分子参与政治的热情,还催生了1920年代初期的"好政府主义"与"好人内阁"。好政府主义固然具有中国的"圣王精神"传统,但是美国进步主义也是不应忽略的外来思想源流。美国驻华公使芮恩施既是外交官,又是著名学者,他的知名学者身份使其成为欧美留学生的"精神导师"。作为留学生的"精神导师",芮恩施利用他的学术威望鼓励欧美同学会和中国社会政治学会传播美国的进步主义,推动中国的进步主义改革运动。但是,在四分五裂的北洋军阀时代,芮恩施与欧美留学生的进步主义改革尝试,由于缺乏坚实的社会基础,其在政治上的失败固在情理之中。
[Abstract]:Before and after World War I, American "progressionism" crossed the Pacific Ocean and prevailed in China. This is not only due to the special international situation caused by World War I, but also related to the efforts and advocacy of the American Minister to China, the European and American students' Association and its sister group, the Chinese Society of Social and political Affairs. The two major schools of progressionism, namely experimentalism and Wilson's doctrine, have influenced Chinese culture, politics and diplomacy in the May 4th period to varying degrees. Hu Shi introduced experimentalism into academic research, created a new paradigm of modern Chinese academic research, and made progressive doctrine have a lasting influence on the academic development of modern China. Wilsonism not only aroused the enthusiasm of May 4th intellectuals to participate in politics, but also gave birth to the early 1920s "good government" and "good cabinet." Although good government has the tradition of "holy king spirit" in China, American progressionism is also the source of foreign thoughts that should not be ignored. American Minister to China Ruinshi is both a diplomat and a famous scholar. His status as a famous scholar makes him a "spiritual mentor" for foreign students in Europe and the United States. As a "spiritual mentor" for foreign students, Ruensch used his academic prestige to encourage American and European societies and Chinese sociopolitical societies to spread American progressionism and promote China's progressive reform movement. However, in the era of the divided Northern warlords, Rui Enshi and the foreign students of Europe and the United States tried to reform their progressionism, because of the lack of a solid social foundation, their political failure was fixed in reason.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史学系;
【基金】：上海市浦江人才计划项目“进步主义与中美关系:美国政治学会领袖在中国的经历”(项目批准号:16PJC014)的中期成果复旦大学亚洲研究中心A类课题资助
【分类号】：K25

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