抗战时期国民政府的棉业统制政策

发布时间：2018-11-21 09:35

【摘要】：为确保抗日战争的物资供给,国民政府内迁至重庆后的首要任务便是动员上海的资本、工厂内迁。然而由于战时需求陡增,上海的纱厂获得了空前利润。此时内迁至环境恶劣的国统区违反了资本家的意愿,实现起来困难重重。后方地区生产设施短缺,加之战后沦陷区民众内迁,日本封锁内地经济,国统区棉制品需求激增,进而引起了物价上涨、通货膨胀。于是棉业统制成为国民政府战时经济统制的核心,通过农本局、平价购销处、物资局等机构推行统制政策,投放储备棉,欲藉此保障供给、平抑物价。然而资本家不仅不积极配合,反而勾结投机。太平洋战争爆发后,日本更加强了对中国的经济封锁,花纱布价格飙升,黑市猖獗,市场一片混乱,国民政府对棉业的控制流于失败。由此可见,抗战时期的国家权力和纺织资本家之间存在着激烈矛盾,从那时起,资本家对国民政府的支持和协助就已经开始动摇。
[Abstract]:In order to ensure the supply of materials in the War of Resistance against Japan, the first task of the National Government was to mobilize the capital and factories of Shanghai after it moved to Chongqing. However, due to the sudden increase in wartime demand, Shanghai's mills have made unprecedented profits. This time moved to the harsh environment of the state-run areas against the will of the capitalists, difficult to achieve. The shortage of production facilities in the rear areas, coupled with the internal migration of the people in the post-war enemy-occupied areas, the Japanese blockade of the inland economy, and the surge in demand for cotton products in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang, have led to rising prices and inflation. So the cotton industry control became the core of the national government's wartime economic control, through the agriculture bureau, the fair price purchase and sale office, the material assets bureau and so on, implements the control policy, puts in the reserve cotton, by this way guarantees the supply, reduces the price. However, the capitalists not only do not actively cooperate, but collude with speculation. In the wake of the Pacific War, Japan tightened its economic blockade on China, with prices of gauze soaring, black markets rampant, markets in chaos and the national government's control of the cotton industry failing. Thus it can be seen that there was a fierce contradiction between state power and textile capitalists during the War of Resistance against Japan, and since then, their support and assistance to the national government has begun to waver.
【作者单位】：仁川大学中国学术院;
【分类号】：F329;K265

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