延安时期光华农场研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 13:50

【摘要】：抗日战争初期的陕甘宁边区农业经济极端落后,还面临着日寇和国民党顽固派的双重封锁。然而作为全国抗战的总后方,它不仅面临着140余万军民的吃饭穿衣等基本生存问题,还担负着巩固抗日根据地、保障战时物资供应的任务。本文通过对光华农场建立的背景和发展概况,科研推广的主要成就、特点及影响等方面进行系统的分析,试图勾勒出延安时期光华农场的全貌。抗战进入相持阶段后,中共中央和边区政府出于反封锁和发展边区农业,保障战时供给的需要,于1939年冬在延安南郊杜甫川马家湾开办了光华农场。它设有农艺、园艺、畜牧兽医和森林四个工作组,短短几年内取得了丰硕的成就。作为中国共产党创建的第一个国营农场,与国民党政府开办的农业科研推广机构相比有鲜明的特征,具有极强的战时农业性质。其科研推广活动符合边区实际,注意科技与传统经验相结合,同时兼顾大农业发展全面性的发展策略,不仅改变了边区农业生产长期落后的面貌,还保障了战时物资的供应。延安时期光华农场的农业科研推广活动产生了深远的影响。在其推动下,边区打破了封锁,解决了140余万军民的生存问题；改变了边区单一的农业经济结构,提高了军民的生活水平；促进了边区农村社会风气的变革。同时,它不仅对其他解放区发展农业科技起到示范作用,还为新中国农业科技的发展锻炼了人才,积累了经验。其历史功绩不可磨灭,在陕甘宁地区农业发展史,乃至中国农业科技史上,都占有里程碑意义的重要地位。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the anti-Japanese War, the agricultural economy of the Shaanxi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region was extremely backward and faced with a double blockade by the Japanese aggressors and the Kuomintang die-hards. However, as the main rear area of the National War of Resistance against Japan, it not only faces the basic survival problems, such as the food and clothing of more than 1.4 million soldiers and civilians, but also undertakes the task of consolidating the anti-Japanese base areas and ensuring the supply of goods in wartime. Based on the background and development of Guanghua Farm, the main achievements, characteristics and effects of scientific research and popularization, this paper attempts to outline the overall picture of Guanghua Farm in Yan'an period. After the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of confrontation, the CPC Central Committee and the government of the Border region opened Guanghua Farm in the south suburb of Yan'an in the winter of 1939 for the purpose of opposing blockade, developing agriculture in the border region and ensuring wartime supply. It has four working groups of agronomy, horticulture, animal husbandry and forestry, and has achieved great success in just a few years. As the first state-owned farm established by the Communist Party of China, it has distinct characteristics and has a strong wartime nature compared with the agricultural scientific research and extension organization set up by the Kuomintang government. Its scientific research and extension activities accord with the reality of the border area, pay attention to the combination of science and technology and traditional experience, and at the same time, give consideration to the comprehensive development strategy of large agriculture, which not only changes the long-term backward outlook of agricultural production in the border area, but also ensures the supply of wartime materials. The agricultural research and extension activities of Guanghua Farm in Yan'an period had a profound influence. Under its impetus, the border region broke the blockade, solved the survival problem of more than 1.4 million soldiers and civilians, changed the single agricultural economic structure of the border area, improved the living standard of the army and people, and promoted the transformation of the social ethos in the rural areas of the border region. At the same time, it not only plays an exemplary role in the development of agricultural science and technology in other liberated areas, but also exercises talents and accumulates experience for the development of agricultural science and technology in New China. Its historical achievements are indelible and play an important role in the history of agricultural development in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, and even in the history of agricultural science and technology in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F329;K269.5

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