论晚清山东县级民政管理
发布时间：2018-11-22 14:55
【摘要】：清代是我国封建社会最后一个王朝。自十六世纪末清太祖努尔哈赤十三铁骑起兵反明,十七世纪中叶皇太极建清称帝,到十八世纪延续百年之久的康雍乾盛世,再到十九世纪中期鸦片战争的炮声,最后二十世纪初一个古老的王朝轰然倒地,历时三百余年。三百年中,清统治阶级经历了三个阶段的转化,即由奴隶制转为封建制,由封建走向半殖民地化。这期间国家机器的设置和职能的演变,在每一个时期都具有其鲜明的特点。 清朝的县政包括很多方面,其中“民政管理”是县官管理本县的重要部分。民众是统治者治理国家的对象,同时也是国家的主体。民政管理正是官对民的管理。民政在不同的社会形态,不同的历史时期,具有不同的内涵规定性与不同的社会功能和作用。封建社会有封建社会的民政,半殖民地有半殖民地社会的民政而我们现代也有社会主义国家的民政范围。但总之所谓民政,是国家统治集团为了解除部分人的生活困境、调整社会关系、解决社会问题,以求安定社会和巩固国家政权的一向社会行政工作①。大致主要包括优待褒恤、军人安置、灾情与救灾、社会救济、社会福利等部分内容。 晚清时期山东地区的城市在全国各省区具有典型性和代表性。在沿海城市中有在不平等条约下开放的烟台,还有被德国和日本先后侵占的殖民地城市青岛,此外还有成为英国租借地的的威海卫；而在较西边的内陆地区中,有在清末主动开放的济南、潍县、周村等地。此外,其他一些有代表性的传统城市,有的衰落了,也有的获得了新的发展。山东省作为中国沿海地区的一个重要省份,各种类型的城市齐全,把其作为典型来研究有助于加深对整个中国晚清时期民政管理的整体认识。本文以山东为研究切入点,选取当朝当地县志(主要是道光、咸丰、同治、光绪年间的府县志辑)等原始材料为发掘目标,还原历史现实。选题旨在研究在晚清这个社会剧变、内忧外患之际清政府是采取怎样的手段实施民政,教化抚恤民众。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of feudal society in China. From the end of the 16th century to the end of the 16th century, when the 13th Iron of the Qing Dynasty, Taizu Nuerhachi, rode against the Ming Dynasty, and in the middle of the 17th century, when the Emperor Taiji was established as emperor, to the prosperous age of Kangyong and Qian, which lasted for a hundred years in the 18th century, to the sound of the Opium War in the middle of the nineteenth century, At the end of the early twentieth century, an ancient dynasty fell to the ground, lasting more than 300 years. In three hundred years, the Qing ruling class experienced three stages of transformation, namely, from slavery to feudalism, from feudalism to semi-colonization. During this period, the establishment and function of the state apparatus evolved with distinct characteristics in each period. The county administration of Qing Dynasty includes many aspects, among which "civil administration" is an important part of county administration. The people are the object of the ruler to govern the country, but also the main body of the country. Civil administration is the management of the government to the people. Civil affairs have different connotations, functions and functions in different social forms and historical periods. Feudal society had a feudal society, semi-colonial society had a semi-colonial society, and our modern society also had the scope of socialist civil affairs. But in short, the so-called civil affairs, is the state ruling group in order to lift the plight of some people, adjust social relations, solve social problems, in order to stabilize the society and consolidate the state power has always been the work of social administration 1. It mainly includes preferential treatment, military resettlement, disaster relief, social welfare and so on. In the late Qing Dynasty, the cities in Shandong were typical and representative. In coastal cities there is Yantai which is opened under unequal treaties and Qingdao a colonial city occupied by Germany and Japan. In addition there is Weihaiwei which has become a British lease. In the inland areas to the west, Jinan, Weixian and Zhoucun, which opened actively in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, some of the other representative traditional cities, some have declined, others have gained new development. As an important province in the coastal areas of China, Shandong Province has all kinds of cities, so it is helpful to deepen the understanding of civil administration in the whole period of the late Qing Dynasty. This paper takes Shandong as the starting point of research, selects Dangchao local county records (mainly Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guang Xu years) and other original materials as the goal to restore historical reality. The purpose of this paper is to study how the Qing government adopted to implement civil affairs and enlighten the people during the social upheaval and internal and external troubles in the late Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K252;D691
本文编号：2349691
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of feudal society in China. From the end of the 16th century to the end of the 16th century, when the 13th Iron of the Qing Dynasty, Taizu Nuerhachi, rode against the Ming Dynasty, and in the middle of the 17th century, when the Emperor Taiji was established as emperor, to the prosperous age of Kangyong and Qian, which lasted for a hundred years in the 18th century, to the sound of the Opium War in the middle of the nineteenth century, At the end of the early twentieth century, an ancient dynasty fell to the ground, lasting more than 300 years. In three hundred years, the Qing ruling class experienced three stages of transformation, namely, from slavery to feudalism, from feudalism to semi-colonization. During this period, the establishment and function of the state apparatus evolved with distinct characteristics in each period. The county administration of Qing Dynasty includes many aspects, among which "civil administration" is an important part of county administration. The people are the object of the ruler to govern the country, but also the main body of the country. Civil administration is the management of the government to the people. Civil affairs have different connotations, functions and functions in different social forms and historical periods. Feudal society had a feudal society, semi-colonial society had a semi-colonial society, and our modern society also had the scope of socialist civil affairs. But in short, the so-called civil affairs, is the state ruling group in order to lift the plight of some people, adjust social relations, solve social problems, in order to stabilize the society and consolidate the state power has always been the work of social administration 1. It mainly includes preferential treatment, military resettlement, disaster relief, social welfare and so on. In the late Qing Dynasty, the cities in Shandong were typical and representative. In coastal cities there is Yantai which is opened under unequal treaties and Qingdao a colonial city occupied by Germany and Japan. In addition there is Weihaiwei which has become a British lease. In the inland areas to the west, Jinan, Weixian and Zhoucun, which opened actively in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, some of the other representative traditional cities, some have declined, others have gained new development. As an important province in the coastal areas of China, Shandong Province has all kinds of cities, so it is helpful to deepen the understanding of civil administration in the whole period of the late Qing Dynasty. This paper takes Shandong as the starting point of research, selects Dangchao local county records (mainly Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guang Xu years) and other original materials as the goal to restore historical reality. The purpose of this paper is to study how the Qing government adopted to implement civil affairs and enlighten the people during the social upheaval and internal and external troubles in the late Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K252;D691
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