中东铁路与东蒙古

发布时间：2018-11-25 14:57

【摘要】：中东铁路与东蒙古地区的关系问题不仅仅是中俄关系和沙俄侵略蒙古地区史的组成部分,也是内蒙古近代发展史上的一个特殊阶段的研究课题。它的内容包括中东铁路的修建、运营及主权演变和东蒙古地区社会变迁的过程。本文利用中外各种基本史料中有关中俄交涉和国际关系的资料,力求从更为客观的视角和多元的框架来审视和重现这段多种因素交织,多种层次重叠和多种史实共存的历史。全文正文由五个部分组成。第一章,“中东铁路的建设与当时的东蒙古”；对中东铁路的勘察测量、动工兴建到中东铁路公司、华俄道胜银行的产生以及与其对应建立的东三省铁路铁路交涉局等作了概略的记述。而重点则是对中东铁路经过的蒙旗境内的线路、车站、行车与客运状况进行了详细的研究和考证。第二章,“中东铁路对蒙旗权益的侵夺”；主要分析研究中东铁路公司通过与清政府、吉黑两省和呼伦贝尔蒙旗签订的种种不平等“条约”、“合同”攫取的占地、开矿、伐木、渔捕等特权、专权和优先权,同时探讨铁路公司超出规定范围侵占和掠夺蒙旗各种资源的过程。第三章,“中东铁路与东蒙古的畜牧业、农业及工商业”；主要论述的问题有：首先,大批俄国人进入铁路沿线东蒙古地区经营牧场和各种加工制造业,改变了原有的畜牧业经济结构的同时带来了防疫、畜牧改良措施和近代工业管理模式和技术设备。其次,大量中国内地移民进入和进行开垦使东蒙古地区的社会矛盾更为复杂和加剧。再次,中俄在蒙古地区传统贸易的性质发生了变化,海拉尔、满洲里等车站成为农畜产品集散中心。工商业的发展刺激了新兴城镇的兴起。第四章,“中东铁路与东蒙古地区的政治、军事、文化活动”,首先提出俄国派驻护路军实际上造成局部军事占领的结论。其次,乌泰俄债案为例论述了沙俄通过道胜银行,将其政治经济势力渗透到各蒙旗的行为。再次,对与中东铁路直接或间接有关的呼伦贝尔和乌泰、巴布扎布的“独立”“自治”运动进行了更深层次的研究。第五章,“中东铁路与东蒙古地区的国际竞争”主要以中东铁路的修建、日俄三次《密约》、美国的“门户开放政策”和“中东路事件”等为实例,论述了围绕中东铁路的国际国内斗争对东蒙古地区的影响以及最后将中东铁路售卖给日伪的过程。
[Abstract]:The relationship between Middle East Railway and East Mongolia is not only a part of Sino-Russian relations and the history of Russian aggression against Mongolia, but also a special research topic in the history of modern development of Inner Mongolia. Its contents include the construction, operation and sovereignty evolution of Middle East railway and the process of social change in East Mongolia. This paper makes use of the data of Sino-Russian negotiations and international relations from all kinds of basic historical materials of China and foreign countries, and tries to examine and reproduce the history of the coexistence of various factors, overlapping levels and historical facts from a more objective angle of view and a pluralistic framework. The text consists of five parts. Chapter one, "Middle East Railway Construction and East Mongolia at that time"; The survey and survey of the Middle East Railway, the construction of the Middle East Railway Corporation, the emergence of the Hua-Russia Daosheng Bank and the railway negotiation bureau of the three provinces corresponding to it are briefly described. The emphasis is on the route, station, traffic and passenger transportation of the Middle East Railway. The second chapter, "the Middle East railway encroaches on the Mongolian flag rights and interests"; Mainly analyzing and studying the Middle East Railway Company through the various unequal "treaties" signed with the Qing Government, Jilin and Black provinces and Hulunbeir Banner, the "contract" to seize land, mining, logging, fishing and other privileges, monopoly and priority. At the same time, the paper discusses the process of railway company encroaching on and plundering all kinds of resources of Mongolian flag beyond the prescribed scope. Chapter three, "Middle East Railway and Animal Husbandry, Agriculture, Industry and Commerce in Eastern Mongolia"; The main problems discussed are as follows: first, a large number of Russians entered the East Mongolia region along the railway line to run pastures and various processing manufacturing industries, which changed the original animal husbandry economic structure and brought about epidemic prevention at the same time. Animal husbandry improvement measures and modern industrial management model and technical equipment. Secondly, a large number of mainland Chinese immigrants entering and reclaiming make the social contradictions in East Mongolia more complicated and intensified. Third, the nature of traditional trade between China and Russia in Mongolia has changed, Hailar, Manzhouli and other stations have become agricultural and livestock products distribution center. The development of industry and commerce stimulated the rise of new towns. Chapter four, "the Middle East Railway and the political, military and Cultural activities of the Eastern Mongolia region", first puts forward the conclusion that the Russian army stationed on the road actually caused the partial military occupation. Secondly, the Utai-Russian debt case discusses the behavior of Russia infiltrating its political and economic forces into every Mongolian flag through the Daosheng Bank. Thirdly, the "independence" and "autonomy" movement of Hulunbeir, Utay and Babzab, which are directly or indirectly related to the Middle East Railway, are studied in a deeper level. Chapter five, "International Competition between Middle East Railway and East Mongolia", mainly takes the construction of Middle East Railway, three times of "secret treaty" between Japan and Russia, "Open door Policy" and "Middle East Road incident" of the United States as examples. This paper discusses the influence of the international and domestic struggle around the Middle East Railway on the East Mongolia region and the process of selling the Middle East Railway to the Japanese puppet.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K251

【引证文献】