南京国民政府时期山东保甲制度研究（1928-1945）
发布时间：2018-11-27 13:04
【摘要】：保甲作为南京国民政府推行时间最长、影响最大的基层组织近些年来越来越受到学术界关注,但是研究的重视程度和深入程度依然不够。其中有关山东保甲制度的研究很少,只是在一些综合性著作中略有提及。近代山东情况复杂,保甲制度在这块土地上呈现出怎样的区域化特点,值得我们研究。本文从国民政府、日伪政权、共产党三方面对山东保甲进行研究,揭示它的特殊性。 国民政府推行保甲制度的直接原因是为了反对共产党,同时也为了加强政府对基层的控制力。国民政府赋予保甲组织“管、教、养、卫”的职能,期望建立一种行政、教育、经济、军事合一的基层组织。虽然山东省响应国民政府积极的推行保甲制度,但是实际的施行效果不理想。山东农村经济趋于破产,大量农村人口离村出走,加上政府选择保甲人员不当,都严重制约了保甲制度的实行和发挥作用。全面抗日战争爆发后,南京国民政府丧失对山东的统治权,山东逐渐演变成日伪政权、国民政府、共产党三方政治势力共存的局面。受战争影响,国民政府寄望于保甲的各种职能基本丧失殆尽,只剩下征兵纳粮的作用。日伪政权为了对付占据农村为根据地的共产党,以国民政府推行的保甲为基础,重新建立保甲组织。日伪政权实行的保甲具有鲜明的殖民地化特征,是日本侵略者奴化压迫中国人民,巩固殖民统治的得力工具。中国共产党对保甲制度有着深刻清醒的认识,一贯主张废除保甲制度。在全民抗战的背景下,共产党采取了灵活多变的斗争策略,对于国统区的保甲制度要求进行改革,建立民主为原则的乡村自治制度;对于日伪占领区的保甲要求从实际出发,利用保甲制度的形式为抗日斗争服务。 1928年到1945年期间,山东保甲制度有明显的阶段性特点。1928年到1936年是第一阶段,这时期的山东保甲是由南京国民政府主导和推行的。1937年到1945年是第二阶段,这时期的山东保甲被多方政治势力渗透利用,呈现出复杂性的特点。第一阶段的山东保甲是南京国民政府主导和推行的一种具有多职能的基层组织,实行的效果不理想,发挥的职能也有限。第二阶段的山东保甲不单纯是一种基层组织,还成为日本侵略者和中国人民的侵略与反侵略的斗争工具。因此,山东保甲制度又具有正义与非正义的双重性质。
[Abstract]:As the longest and most influential grass-roots organization in Nanjing National Government, Baojia has attracted more and more attention in recent years, but the degree of attention and depth of the research is still insufficient. Among them, there are few researches on Shandong Baojia system, which are only mentioned in some comprehensive works. The situation of modern Shandong is complicated, and the regionalization of Baojia system on this land is worthy of our study. This paper studies Baojia in Shandong Province from three aspects: the national government, the Japanese puppet regime and the Communist Party, and reveals its particularity. The direct reason for the Kuomintang government to carry out the Baojia system is to oppose the Communist Party and also to strengthen the government's control over the grass roots. The National Government gave the organization the function of "managing, teaching, raising and defending", hoping to establish a grass-roots organization with the integration of administration, education, economy, and military affairs. Although Shandong Province responded to the national government to actively implement the system, but the actual implementation effect is not ideal. The rural economy of Shandong tends to go bankrupt, a large number of rural people leave the village, and the government chooses the personnel of Baojia improperly, which seriously restricts the implementation and exertion of Baojia system. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Nanjing National Government lost its dominion over Shandong, and Shandong gradually evolved into a situation in which the political forces of Japan, the National Government and the Communist Party co-existed. Affected by the war, the National Government hoped that the various functions of Baojia were basically lost, leaving only the role of conscription and grain. In order to deal with the Communist Party in rural areas, Japanese puppet regime re-established Baojia organization on the basis of the national government. The Japanese puppet regime has distinct colonization characteristics and is a powerful tool for the Japanese invaders to enslave the Chinese people and consolidate colonial rule. The Communist Party of China has a deep and sober understanding of the system and has consistently advocated the abolition of the system. Under the background of the people's War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party adopted a flexible and changeable struggle strategy, which required the reform of the Bao-Jia system in the areas under the control of the state, and the establishment of a system of village autonomy based on the principle of democracy. For the Japanese occupation areas, the requirements of Baojia from the practical point of view, using the form of Baojia system to serve the anti-Japanese struggle. During the period from 1928 to 1945, the Baojia system in Shandong Province had obvious stage characteristics. The first stage was from 1928 to 1936, and the Shandong Baojia system in this period was led and implemented by the Nanjing National Government. The second stage was from 1937 to 1945. In this period, Shandong Baojia was infiltrated by various political forces, showing the characteristics of complexity. The first stage of Shandong Baojia is a kind of multi-functional grass-roots organization led and implemented by the Nanjing National Government. The effect of the implementation is not ideal and the functions played are also limited. The second stage of Shandong Baojia is not only a kind of grass-roots organization, but also a tool for the Japanese invaders and the Chinese people to fight against aggression and aggression. Therefore, Shandong Baojia system has the dual nature of justice and injustice.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K262.9
本文编号：2360887
[Abstract]:As the longest and most influential grass-roots organization in Nanjing National Government, Baojia has attracted more and more attention in recent years, but the degree of attention and depth of the research is still insufficient. Among them, there are few researches on Shandong Baojia system, which are only mentioned in some comprehensive works. The situation of modern Shandong is complicated, and the regionalization of Baojia system on this land is worthy of our study. This paper studies Baojia in Shandong Province from three aspects: the national government, the Japanese puppet regime and the Communist Party, and reveals its particularity. The direct reason for the Kuomintang government to carry out the Baojia system is to oppose the Communist Party and also to strengthen the government's control over the grass roots. The National Government gave the organization the function of "managing, teaching, raising and defending", hoping to establish a grass-roots organization with the integration of administration, education, economy, and military affairs. Although Shandong Province responded to the national government to actively implement the system, but the actual implementation effect is not ideal. The rural economy of Shandong tends to go bankrupt, a large number of rural people leave the village, and the government chooses the personnel of Baojia improperly, which seriously restricts the implementation and exertion of Baojia system. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Nanjing National Government lost its dominion over Shandong, and Shandong gradually evolved into a situation in which the political forces of Japan, the National Government and the Communist Party co-existed. Affected by the war, the National Government hoped that the various functions of Baojia were basically lost, leaving only the role of conscription and grain. In order to deal with the Communist Party in rural areas, Japanese puppet regime re-established Baojia organization on the basis of the national government. The Japanese puppet regime has distinct colonization characteristics and is a powerful tool for the Japanese invaders to enslave the Chinese people and consolidate colonial rule. The Communist Party of China has a deep and sober understanding of the system and has consistently advocated the abolition of the system. Under the background of the people's War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party adopted a flexible and changeable struggle strategy, which required the reform of the Bao-Jia system in the areas under the control of the state, and the establishment of a system of village autonomy based on the principle of democracy. For the Japanese occupation areas, the requirements of Baojia from the practical point of view, using the form of Baojia system to serve the anti-Japanese struggle. During the period from 1928 to 1945, the Baojia system in Shandong Province had obvious stage characteristics. The first stage was from 1928 to 1936, and the Shandong Baojia system in this period was led and implemented by the Nanjing National Government. The second stage was from 1937 to 1945. In this period, Shandong Baojia was infiltrated by various political forces, showing the characteristics of complexity. The first stage of Shandong Baojia is a kind of multi-functional grass-roots organization led and implemented by the Nanjing National Government. The effect of the implementation is not ideal and the functions played are also limited. The second stage of Shandong Baojia is not only a kind of grass-roots organization, but also a tool for the Japanese invaders and the Chinese people to fight against aggression and aggression. Therefore, Shandong Baojia system has the dual nature of justice and injustice.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K262.9
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