革命和协商的双重奏：中国特色的建国模式（1945-1949）

发布时间：2018-12-06 16:59

【摘要】： 抗战胜利后,中国社会面临向何处去的问题。当时,活跃在中国政治舞台的国民党、共产党和民主党派对此提出了自己的主张,经过重庆谈判和政治协商会议的民主协商,最终形成了民主联合建国的时代最强音。正当全国人民因看到民主的曙光而欢呼雀跃时,国共之间全面内战爆发,民主如昙花一现,国人再次踏上了追寻民主的征途。之后,随着战争形势不断往前推进,取得军事优势的中共发出建立民主联合政府的“五一口号”,至此,民主建国议题再次提上日程,最终以中国人民政治协商会议为组织载体,以《共同纲领》为临时宪法,选举成立了中央人民政府,一个多世纪的屈辱和伤痛终于划上了句号。本文即是以这一历史过程为史实依托,在回顾民主建国的峥嵘岁月中探索中华人民共和国建立的中国特色。实际上,关于这一过程,在剥去历史细节之后,我们可以看到一条简明的脉络,即新中国是中国共产党在取得对国民党军事胜利的基础上与当时国内各民主力量通过政治协商会议的形式建立起来的；就性质而言,属于新民主主义的政权形式。对于一个马克思主义政党来说,这一建国路径及政权性质无疑具有鲜明的中国特色。鉴于此,本文将此建国路径概括为“中国特色的建国模式”,并在这一思维框架下,探讨中华人民共和国建立的中国特色,并尝试着分析中国特色建国模式形成的原因以及对当代政治发展的价值。通过对历史的梳理与研究表明,中华人民共和国建立的特色在于三个方面。第一是武装斗争与政治协商并举的建国程序。武装斗争的胜利决定了民主建国领导权的归属,在此基础上的政治协商会议则为新中国构建了合法性基础。第二是中共与非武装的民主党派的联合执政方式,这是不同于苏联等社会主义国家执政方式的一大特色。第三是新民主主义的政权性质。作为一个马克思主义政党,在革命胜利之后建立起新民主主义的过渡政权,是一种妥协,更是一种智慧。中国特色建国模式的内涵即体现为上述三个方面,它的形成是国内外政治、经济和社会等多种历史力量共同作用的结果,对中国现实政治的发展具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Chinese society was faced with the question of where to go. At that time, the Kuomintang, the Communist Party and the democratic parties, which were active on the Chinese political stage, put forward their own views on this issue. After the democratic negotiation in Chongqing and the political Consultative Conference, the era of democracy United and founding finally came into being. Just when the people of the whole country cheered at the dawn of democracy, the full-scale civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and democracy was a flash in the pan, and the Chinese people once again embarked on the quest for democracy. Later, as the war situation continued to move forward, the Chinese Communists, who had gained military superiority, issued the "May 1st slogan" for the establishment of a democratic coalition government. At this point, the issue of democratic nation-building was once again on the agenda. Finally, with the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference as the organizational carrier and the "Common Program" as the interim constitution, the Central people's Government was elected and established, and the humiliation and pain of more than a century were finally brought to an end. Based on this historical process, this paper explores the Chinese characteristics of the people's Republic of China in the eventful years of reviewing the democratic foundation of the people's Republic of China. In fact, after stripping away the details of history, we can see a concise thread about this process. That is, New China was established by the Communist Party of China on the basis of military victory over the Kuomintang and various democratic forces at that time through the form of political consultation meeting. As far as its nature is concerned, it belongs to the form of new democratic regime. For a Marxist political party, this path and the nature of political power undoubtedly have distinct Chinese characteristics. In view of this, this article generalizes this path of founding a nation as "the mode of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics", and under this thinking frame, probes into the Chinese characteristics established by the people's Republic of China. And try to analyze the formation of the model with Chinese characteristics and the value of contemporary political development. The history of the people's Republic of China is characterized by three aspects. The first is the state-building procedure, in which armed struggle and political consultation go hand in hand. The victory of armed struggle determines the ownership of the leadership of democratic nation-building, and the political Consultative Conference on this basis establishes the legitimacy foundation for New China. The second is the combination of the Communist Party of China and the unarmed democratic parties, which is different from the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. The third is the nature of the new democratic regime. As a Marxist political party, it is a compromise and wisdom to establish a transitional regime of new democracy after the victory of the revolution. The connotation of the model of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics is embodied in the above three aspects, and its formation is the result of the joint action of various historical forces at home and abroad, such as politics, economy and society, which is of great significance to the development of Chinese realistic politics.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27

【参考文献】