宋恕改革思想研究
发布时间：2018-12-13 05:39
【摘要】：19世纪末，资本主义列强叩开了中国的大门。从此，中国在各个方面受到外国资本主义势力的冲击，尤其是西方的近代思想对中国先进人物产生了很大的影响。我国近代重要的改革思想家宋恕就是其中一位，他提出了一系列颇具时代特色的维新改革主张。 宋恕提出的改革思想涉及面十分广泛，从上层的政治体制到关涉民生的社会经济，从民众素质的提高到女性思想的解放等，都进行过认真的探索。政治方面，他对封建专制进行严厉的抨击，提出著名的“三始一始”主张，倡导设立议院、改革官制、变革试令（谓之“三始”），亦应更易服饰（谓之“一始”）。同时，提倡法制改革，对律师辩护制、财产继承制、禁废残酷刑罚制等，都提出了自己具理论与实践意义的见解；经济方面，宋恕主张学习西方国家的科学技术，发展中国的资本主义经济。他认为国家应该积极扶植工商业的发展，并提出了繁荣工商业的一系列措施。教育方面，宋恕对清末严重束缚人民思想的封建专制教育制度提出尖锐批判，主张改革教育制度，提倡全民教育，实施近代学制。他十分注重社会公共教育，为提高全民精神素质，认为应当把直接教育与间接教育相结合，使学校教育与社会教育同步进行。他还提出了具有特色的粹化教育，即精英教育，认为应当设置一套行之有效的优秀人才的选拔、学习、毕业制度。女性解放方面，宋恕站在劳苦大众的立场上，，以解救女性、实现男女平等为出发点，呼吁女性解放，并提出解救女性苦难的各种措施。 本文分别从宋恕的政治、经济、教育和女性解放等方面展开论述，藉此对宋恕的改革思想进行深入的挖掘，以展示他对中国近代社会改革进程的历史贡献，恢复他在人们心中应有的地位。当然，宋恕的改革思想也存在着不足和局限，这是时代使然。但是，这些都不能掩盖他的具有时代意义的思想光辉。 第一章：宋恕的生平和论著。宋恕幼年时的生活背景及后来的颠沛流离为他的改革思想奠定了基础。宋恕的著作非常多，而流传至今的比较有限，但现存的著作仍能给人呈现当时的历史背景与其积极的社会改革主张，这对宋恕研究都具有重要的作用。 第二章：宋恕的政治改革理念。宋恕从政体和法制两个方面对封建制度进行批判，提出独到的改革思路与主张。他的“三始一始”，最能体现他的政治改革观点。 第三章：宋恕的经济改革主张。宋恕对工商业的发展提出了多元化的推动措施；另外，他的经济变革思想还包括诸如水利管理、币制革新等。 第四章：宋恕的教育改革观点。宋恕从学校教育、社会教育、精英教育三个层面，对中国教育改革的方向、途径、措施等提出来自己的观点。宋恕不愧为中国晚清至近代杰出的教育改革思想家。 第五章：宋恕的女性解放思想。宋恕出于对缺乏社会地位的中国女性的同情，提出解放女性的多种措施。他的思想在当时为女性意识的觉醒起到了重要作用，并体现了他具有积极的男女平等的思想意识。 第六章：宋恕改革思想的价值和局限。着眼宋恕改革思想所处的历史背景及其宏观思路与具体内容，既关注宋恕改革思想的历史价值与积极意义，也看到他改革思想的不足之处，并对其中的主、客观原因进行深入的探索。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, the capitalist powers kowtowed the door of China. Since then, China has been hit by foreign capitalist forces in all its aspects, especially the western modern thought has a great influence on the advanced characters in China. Song is one of the most important reform thinkers in modern times, and he put forward a series of new ideas of the time with the characteristics of the times. The reform thought of the Song Dynasty is very extensive, from the political system of the upper layer to the social economy concerned with the people's livelihood, from the improvement of the people's quality to the liberation of the women's thought, etc. In the political aspect, he criticized the feudal autocracy, and made a famous three-time initial position, advocated the establishment of the House, the reform of the official system, the change test order (the three times of the predicate), and also should be more easy to dress (the beginning of the predicate)). At the same time, the reform of the rule of law, the defence of the lawyer, the system of inheritance of property, the prohibition of the cruel punishment of the waste, and the like, have put forward the views on the meaning of the theory and practice. In the economic aspect, the Song of the Song Dynasty advocated the study of the science and technology of the western countries and the development of the capitalism of China. He said the state should actively support the development of business and commerce, and put forward a series of measures for the prosperity of business and commerce. On the aspect of education, the Song has put forward a sharp criticism on the feudal autocratic system of the people's thought in the late Qing Dynasty, advocated the reform of the education system, promoted the education for all, and carried out modern studies. He pays great attention to the public education of the society, and in order to improve the quality of the whole people, it is thought that the direct education and the indirect education should be combined, so that the school education and the social education should be synchronized. He also put forward the essence of the education, that is, the education of the elite, that the selection, study and graduation of a set of effective talents should be set up. In the aspect of women's liberation, the Song is on the stand of the masses, to save women, to achieve equality between men and women, to call for women's liberation and to put forward a variety of measures to save women's suffering This article, from the aspects of the political, economic, education and women's liberation of the Song Dynasty, made an in-depth study of the reform thought of the Song, to show his historical contribution to the process of the modern social reform in China, and to restore him to the people's mind. Of course, there are shortcomings and limitations in the theory of reform in the Song Dynasty, and this is the case Generations. But none of these can cover his time. In the light of the light. Chapter one: the song of the song. The life and the theory of the life, the background of life at the time of the time of the time of the song, and the change of the past. The foundation is laid on the basis of which the works of the Song are very much, and the current is limited, but the existing works can still present the historical background and the positive social reform of the time, which has the effect of both the Song and the study. Important role. Chapter 2: Song Shu On the basis of the theory of political reform, the Song can criticize the feudal system from the two aspects of the system of government and the rule of law, and put forward the original. The reform ideas and ideas. His 鈥淔rom the beginning to the beginning鈥
本文编号：2375987
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, the capitalist powers kowtowed the door of China. Since then, China has been hit by foreign capitalist forces in all its aspects, especially the western modern thought has a great influence on the advanced characters in China. Song is one of the most important reform thinkers in modern times, and he put forward a series of new ideas of the time with the characteristics of the times. The reform thought of the Song Dynasty is very extensive, from the political system of the upper layer to the social economy concerned with the people's livelihood, from the improvement of the people's quality to the liberation of the women's thought, etc. In the political aspect, he criticized the feudal autocracy, and made a famous three-time initial position, advocated the establishment of the House, the reform of the official system, the change test order (the three times of the predicate), and also should be more easy to dress (the beginning of the predicate)). At the same time, the reform of the rule of law, the defence of the lawyer, the system of inheritance of property, the prohibition of the cruel punishment of the waste, and the like, have put forward the views on the meaning of the theory and practice. In the economic aspect, the Song of the Song Dynasty advocated the study of the science and technology of the western countries and the development of the capitalism of China. He said the state should actively support the development of business and commerce, and put forward a series of measures for the prosperity of business and commerce. On the aspect of education, the Song has put forward a sharp criticism on the feudal autocratic system of the people's thought in the late Qing Dynasty, advocated the reform of the education system, promoted the education for all, and carried out modern studies. He pays great attention to the public education of the society, and in order to improve the quality of the whole people, it is thought that the direct education and the indirect education should be combined, so that the school education and the social education should be synchronized. He also put forward the essence of the education, that is, the education of the elite, that the selection, study and graduation of a set of effective talents should be set up. In the aspect of women's liberation, the Song is on the stand of the masses, to save women, to achieve equality between men and women, to call for women's liberation and to put forward a variety of measures to save women's suffering This article, from the aspects of the political, economic, education and women's liberation of the Song Dynasty, made an in-depth study of the reform thought of the Song, to show his historical contribution to the process of the modern social reform in China, and to restore him to the people's mind. Of course, there are shortcomings and limitations in the theory of reform in the Song Dynasty, and this is the case Generations. But none of these can cover his time. In the light of the light. Chapter one: the song of the song. The life and the theory of the life, the background of life at the time of the time of the time of the song, and the change of the past. The foundation is laid on the basis of which the works of the Song are very much, and the current is limited, but the existing works can still present the historical background and the positive social reform of the time, which has the effect of both the Song and the study. Important role. Chapter 2: Song Shu On the basis of the theory of political reform, the Song can criticize the feudal system from the two aspects of the system of government and the rule of law, and put forward the original. The reform ideas and ideas. His 鈥淔rom the beginning to the beginning鈥
本文编号：2375987
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