晚清官员谥号研究
发布时间：2018-12-22 08:37
【摘要】： 谥法制度是西周中期统治者接收流行于民间与贵族中的谥号现象确立的礼法制度,在春秋战国间被儒家改造接收,用以挽救礼崩乐坏的社会。自此,除秦朝一代废除谥法制度外,历朝历代都接收并使用谥法制度,并且加以演化,宋朝苏洵在总结前人经验的基础上编著了《谥法》一书,从而为后来历代王朝确立谥法制度提供了一个重要依据。明代废除了恶谥,但保留了恶谥的制度,而清代自建立以后,在继承明代谥法制度的同时,从制度上废除了恶谥。 晚清官员包含了有皇族背景的官员,即王大臣的谥法制度,以及一般官员的谥法制度。从横向比较晚清各个时期官员得谥的情况,到纵向比较清代中前期与晚清官员得谥的区别,可以看出晚清官员得谥的特点。从横向比较可以看出,晚清官员得谥者凡是处理国内外事务能力强的官员受到打压,虽然死后得到了谥号,甚至是美谥,但这主要是从平衡官场上各种势力之间关系的角度考虑的；同时,能力平庸的官员也得到了谥号,他们得谥的原因是得到了统治者的宠信。而民国时期得谥官员是因为清废帝希望借此挽回失去的王朝。纵向比较得到的特点是,晚清得谥官员大大增加,特别三品以下的官员大大增加,而文臣从军,有更多的文官得到武将才得到的谥号。这些都根源于满族的衰落和汉族的复兴。
[Abstract]:Posthumous title system was established by the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty to receive the posthumous title in the folk and aristocrats. It was reformed by Confucianism between the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to save the broken society. Since then, except for the abolition of posthumous title system in the Qin Dynasty, successive dynasties have received and used posthumous title system and evolved it. On the basis of summing up the previous experience, Su Xun compiled a book on posthumous title and law. It provided an important basis for the later dynasties to establish posthumous title and law system. The Ming Dynasty abolished the posthumous title but retained the system of evil posthumous title. The officials of the late Qing Dynasty included the posthumous system of the royal family, namely the royal minister, and the posthumous system of the general officials. From the horizontal comparison of the posthumous title of officials in the late Qing Dynasty to the vertical comparison of the posthumous title of the officials in the middle and early Qing dynasties, we can see the characteristics of the posthumous title of the officials in the late Qing Dynasty. From the horizontal comparison, it can be seen that officials who were given posthumous titles in the late Qing Dynasty who had strong ability in handling domestic and foreign affairs were suppressed, although they were given posthumous titles after their death, even the posthumous title of the United States. But this is mainly considered from the angle of balancing the relations between various forces on the official field; At the same time, mediocre officials also received posthumous title, they won posthumous because of the favor of the ruler. During the Republic of China, officials gained posthumous title because the Qing Dynasty wanted to recover the lost dynasty. The characteristic of longitudinal comparison is that the number of posthumous officials in the late Qing Dynasty increased greatly, especially the officials under three articles increased greatly, and more civil servants were given the posthumous title of "martial general" when they joined the army. These are rooted in the decline of Manchu and the revival of Han nationality.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252
本文编号：2389581
[Abstract]:Posthumous title system was established by the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty to receive the posthumous title in the folk and aristocrats. It was reformed by Confucianism between the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to save the broken society. Since then, except for the abolition of posthumous title system in the Qin Dynasty, successive dynasties have received and used posthumous title system and evolved it. On the basis of summing up the previous experience, Su Xun compiled a book on posthumous title and law. It provided an important basis for the later dynasties to establish posthumous title and law system. The Ming Dynasty abolished the posthumous title but retained the system of evil posthumous title. The officials of the late Qing Dynasty included the posthumous system of the royal family, namely the royal minister, and the posthumous system of the general officials. From the horizontal comparison of the posthumous title of officials in the late Qing Dynasty to the vertical comparison of the posthumous title of the officials in the middle and early Qing dynasties, we can see the characteristics of the posthumous title of the officials in the late Qing Dynasty. From the horizontal comparison, it can be seen that officials who were given posthumous titles in the late Qing Dynasty who had strong ability in handling domestic and foreign affairs were suppressed, although they were given posthumous titles after their death, even the posthumous title of the United States. But this is mainly considered from the angle of balancing the relations between various forces on the official field; At the same time, mediocre officials also received posthumous title, they won posthumous because of the favor of the ruler. During the Republic of China, officials gained posthumous title because the Qing Dynasty wanted to recover the lost dynasty. The characteristic of longitudinal comparison is that the number of posthumous officials in the late Qing Dynasty increased greatly, especially the officials under three articles increased greatly, and more civil servants were given the posthumous title of "martial general" when they joined the army. These are rooted in the decline of Manchu and the revival of Han nationality.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 程大鲲;清代宗室贵族谥号考[J];满族研究;2004年03期
2 潘洪钢;;论清代谥法[J];文史哲;2007年02期
3 潘洪钢;清代谥法中的特谥、追谥和夺谥[J];中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版);2005年02期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 陆玉芹;庚子事变中被杀五大臣研究[D];华东师范大学;2005年
，本文编号：2389581
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2389581.html
