毛泽东的对苏战略与抗美援朝

发布时间：2019-01-02 14:07

【摘要】： 解放战争时期,中国共产党与苏联共产党保持着密切的党际关系。1949年夏,在战争形势越来越向有利于共产党的方向发展、建设新政权迫在眉睫的情况下,为了统一全党乃至全国各界人士的思想,毛泽东不失时机地借《论人民民主专政》一文,提出新中国将实行向苏联“一边倒”的外交政策。新中国成立后,毛泽东首访苏联。在与苏联领导人谈判过程中,针对斯大林提出的表面上维持1945年《中苏友好同盟条约》,实际上修改的建议,毛泽东坚持废除旧条约,缔结新条约。毛泽东的这一坚定态度不仅是为了争取苏联对新中国建设的支持和援助,更主要地是为了更好地贯彻“一边倒”,以维护中国共产党领导人在国内的威望。经过艰辛的谈判,中苏两国于1950年2月在莫斯科签订了《中苏友好同盟互助条约》,这就从法律上保障了新中国建设的和平国际环境。与此同时,毛泽东对朝鲜半岛局势忧心忡忡。为了维护东北地区的安全,他不赞成金日成在中国内战尚未完全结束的情况下发动战争。出乎意料的是,斯大林在答应中方缔结新约要求的同时,也改变了对朝鲜半岛的政策。1950年6月25日,朝鲜战争爆发,随着战争形势越来越恶化,毛泽东为了维护中国的领土安全和主权完整,迅速调整外交战略,积极准备出兵援助朝鲜。但为了避免给帝国主义者留下“干涉别国内政”的口实,毛泽东认为必须等待金日成的出兵请求。中国人民志愿军整装待发,苏联却不肯兑现出动空军的承诺,在朝鲜战场形势越来越不利的条件下,毛泽东提出“先走一步”。中方的这一外交主动,带动了苏联的政策变化,随后,两国领导人协调步调,亲密合作,合力促进了一系列战役的重大胜利。在战争进入“边谈边打”阶段后,毛泽东利用其灵活的外交艺术,联合斯大林,说服金日成同意在情况不利的条件下不能草草结束战争。斯大林逝世后,新的苏联领导人改变了外交政策,毛泽东审时度势,接受苏联关于朝鲜停战的建议和安排,在力争最有利的情况下,结束了抗美援朝战争。
[Abstract]:During the War of Liberation, the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union maintained close inter-party relations. In the summer of 1949, when the war situation was developing more and more in favor of the Communist Party, it was urgent to build a new regime. In order to unify the thinking of the whole party and even the whole country, Mao Zedong took advantage of "on the people's Democratic dictatorship" to put forward a foreign policy of "one-sided" to the Soviet Union. Mao Zedong made his first visit to the Soviet Union after the founding of New China. In the course of negotiations with Soviet leaders, Mao Zedong insisted on repealing the old treaties and concluding new ones in response to Stalin's suggestion that the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union of 1945 should be maintained and actually amended. This firm attitude of Mao Zedong is not only to win the support and assistance of the Soviet Union for the construction of new China, but also to better carry out the "one-sided" policy so as to safeguard the prestige of the Communist Party of China leaders at home. After arduous negotiations, China and the Soviet Union signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in Moscow in February 1950, which legally guaranteed the peaceful international environment for the construction of New China. Meanwhile, Mao Zedong was worried about the situation on the Korean peninsula. To maintain security in the Northeast, he disapproved of Kim Il-sung waging a war without a complete end to China's civil war. Unexpectedly, while Stalin agreed to conclude the New Testament, he also changed his policy on the Korean Peninsula. The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and as the situation worsened, In order to safeguard China's territorial security and sovereignty, Mao Zedong quickly adjusted his diplomatic strategy and actively prepared to send troops to assist North Korea. But in order to avoid leaving imperialists with the pretext of "interfering in the internal affairs of other countries", Mao Zedong thought that he had to wait for Kim Il Sung's request to send troops. While the Chinese people's volunteers were ready to launch, the Soviet Union refused to honour its pledge to deploy the air force. Under the increasingly unfavorable conditions in the Korean battlefield, Mao Zedong proposed "one step ahead." This diplomatic initiative led to a change in Soviet policy. Subsequently, the leaders of the two countries coordinated and worked closely together to promote major victories in a series of campaigns. After the war entered the stage of "talking and fighting", Mao Zedong made use of his flexible diplomatic art and United Stalin to persuade Kim Il Sung to agree that the war should not be put to an end under unfavorable conditions. After Stalin's death, the new Soviet leader changed his foreign policy, Mao Zedong judged the situation, accepted the Soviet Union's proposal and arrangement on the Korean armistice, and put an end to the war of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea under the most favorable circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27;E297.5

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