建国初期上海市同业公会研究
发布时间：2019-01-02 08:06
【摘要】：同业公会缘起于近代公所、会馆,在商品经济相当发展的基础上产生,民国时期成为商会的基层组织。关于同业公会的确切定义,因历史阶段和社会性质不同而有所变化,共同点是通过制定行业规范和划分业务范围,来保护同行利益,因此一定程度上又是限制竞争的。 上海历来是全国工商业重镇,也是解放初期私营工商业最为集中的城市,同业公会一度表现很活跃。由于同业公会的性质与社会主义改造的要求相去甚远,导致它1958年结束会务。这期间经历了怎样的转变,中共运用了哪些改造策略,是本文试图解决的问题。 本文共分为四章,第一章介绍了1949年新中国成立到1952年国民经济恢复时期,上海市工商联对同业公会的整理情况。与此同时政府通过加工订货等方式恢复工商业,在这个过程中,国营经济开始掌握经济全局,其触角伸向私营工商业。同业公会在保留基本框架的同时,开始接受由于国营经济力量加入而引起的变化。 第二章写1953年到1955年同业公会的“自我革命”史。1953年发生了两件对同业公会来说颇为重要的事,一是总路线的公布,二是由工商联的基层组织变为它领导下的专业性组织。在总路线的指导下,同业公会推动公私合营,从内部消解了自身存在的基础。工商联绕过同业公会与企业取得联系,从外部架空了同业公会。此阶段是同业公会“自我革命”的过程。 第三章介绍了1955年下半年全行业公私合营到1958年同业公会走向消亡的过程,虽然同业公会的性质在1953年已经改变,但其经费收支、人事任免权并没有立即纳入工商联体系,而是一个渐渐被消解的过程,这一章详细介绍了同业公会的事权、财权是如何被缩减的,以及同业公会所做的有限抗争。 第四章着重探讨同业公会存在的意义,从显性作用和象征意义两个层面展开。显性作用主要体现为推行政府政令方面,象征意义体现为同业公会的统战功能,以及改造同业公会过程中体现的一个政权的民主程度。最后,本文在力图还原同业公会建国初期这段历史的同时,对于其改造过程的若干处,也提出了一些可商榷点。
[Abstract]:The Trade Guild originated from modern public office, guild hall, on the basis of the development of commodity economy, and became the grass-roots organization of the Chamber of Commerce in the Republic of China. The exact definition of the trade association varies with the historical stage and the social nature. The common point is to protect the interests of the same trade by making industry norms and dividing the business scope, so it restricts competition to a certain extent. Shanghai has always been a national industrial and commercial center, but also the most concentrated private industry and commerce in the early years of liberation, the trade association was once very active. Because of the nature of the trade association and the socialist transformation of the requirements, it ended in 1958. What kind of transformation has been experienced during this period, and what reform strategies have been used by the CPC are the problems this paper tries to solve. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the period of the national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, and the Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce (Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce). At the same time, the government restores industry and commerce by processing orders and so on. In this process, the state-owned economy begins to grasp the overall situation of the economy, and its tentacles extend to private industry and commerce. While preserving the basic framework, trade unions began to accept the changes caused by the entry of state-owned economic forces. The second chapter describes the history of the "self-revolution" of the trade association from 1953 to 1955. In 1953, two very important things happened to the trade association, one was the publication of the general line, the other was the transformation from the grassroots organization of the Federation of Industry and Commerce into a professional organization under its leadership. Under the guidance of the general route, the trade association promotes public-private joint venture and dissolves the foundation of its existence from the inside. The Federation of Industry and Commerce bypassed the trade association and made contact with the enterprise, and set up the trade association from the outside. This stage is the process of self-revolution of trade association. The third chapter introduces the process of the whole industry public-private joint venture in the second half of 1955 to the end of 1958. Although the nature of the trade association changed in 1953, its income and expenditure, the power of appointment and removal of personnel were not immediately brought into the system of the Federation of Industry and Commerce. It is a gradual process of deconstruction. This chapter introduces in detail the power of the trade association, how the financial power is reduced, and the limited struggle of the trade association. The fourth chapter focuses on the significance of the existence of trade associations, from the dominant role and symbolic significance of the two levels. The dominant role is mainly embodied in the implementation of government decrees, the symbolic significance is the United front function of the trade association, and the democratic degree of a regime embodied in the process of reforming the trade association. Finally, while trying to restore the history of the trade association in the early days of the founding of the Republic of China, this paper also puts forward some debatable points about its transformation process.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2398239
[Abstract]:The Trade Guild originated from modern public office, guild hall, on the basis of the development of commodity economy, and became the grass-roots organization of the Chamber of Commerce in the Republic of China. The exact definition of the trade association varies with the historical stage and the social nature. The common point is to protect the interests of the same trade by making industry norms and dividing the business scope, so it restricts competition to a certain extent. Shanghai has always been a national industrial and commercial center, but also the most concentrated private industry and commerce in the early years of liberation, the trade association was once very active. Because of the nature of the trade association and the socialist transformation of the requirements, it ended in 1958. What kind of transformation has been experienced during this period, and what reform strategies have been used by the CPC are the problems this paper tries to solve. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the period of the national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, and the Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce (Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce). At the same time, the government restores industry and commerce by processing orders and so on. In this process, the state-owned economy begins to grasp the overall situation of the economy, and its tentacles extend to private industry and commerce. While preserving the basic framework, trade unions began to accept the changes caused by the entry of state-owned economic forces. The second chapter describes the history of the "self-revolution" of the trade association from 1953 to 1955. In 1953, two very important things happened to the trade association, one was the publication of the general line, the other was the transformation from the grassroots organization of the Federation of Industry and Commerce into a professional organization under its leadership. Under the guidance of the general route, the trade association promotes public-private joint venture and dissolves the foundation of its existence from the inside. The Federation of Industry and Commerce bypassed the trade association and made contact with the enterprise, and set up the trade association from the outside. This stage is the process of self-revolution of trade association. The third chapter introduces the process of the whole industry public-private joint venture in the second half of 1955 to the end of 1958. Although the nature of the trade association changed in 1953, its income and expenditure, the power of appointment and removal of personnel were not immediately brought into the system of the Federation of Industry and Commerce. It is a gradual process of deconstruction. This chapter introduces in detail the power of the trade association, how the financial power is reduced, and the limited struggle of the trade association. The fourth chapter focuses on the significance of the existence of trade associations, from the dominant role and symbolic significance of the two levels. The dominant role is mainly embodied in the implementation of government decrees, the symbolic significance is the United front function of the trade association, and the democratic degree of a regime embodied in the process of reforming the trade association. Finally, while trying to restore the history of the trade association in the early days of the founding of the Republic of China, this paper also puts forward some debatable points about its transformation process.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27
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相关期刊论文 前5条
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