从1942年河南赈灾看抗战时期中央与地方政府关系博弈
发布时间：2019-01-04 23:10
【摘要】：在抗战相持阶段最艰苦的1942-1943年,河南发生了震惊中外的大饥荒。河南省启动了勘灾和报灾机制,向中央请求赈济并减免军粮征实征购任务。中央政府始出于对地方报灾请赈的不信任和抗战全局的考量,对河南灾荒的介入较慢。围绕军粮减免,地方与中央以及各部委之间讨价还价、纵横捭阖,凸现了抗战与赈灾、征粮与拨款、中央调控与地方自筹、灾区与邻省以及党、政、军、民多维之间异趋共振的复杂利益格局。媒体尤其是外媒的干预,加速了中央赈灾体制的运作。国民政府最终采取了救灾和正面宣传交叉运用的两手策略化解了其统治合法性危机。究其原因,从赈灾社会化到政治化体现了近代国家统一和集权的进程。窥其利弊,大政府救灾体制的形成具有一体两面辩证的双重性特征。
[Abstract]:In 1942-1943, the toughest stage of the War of Resistance against Japan, Henan had a great famine that shocked both China and China. Henan Province initiated the mechanism of disaster prospecting and reporting, and asked the central government for relief and relief from the task of collecting and purchasing military grain. Due to the distrust of local disaster relief and the overall situation of anti-Japanese war, the central government began to intervene slowly in Henan famine. Focusing on the reduction and reduction of military grain, bargaining between the local authorities and the central authorities and between the ministries and commissions, the war of resistance and disaster relief, the collection of grain and grants, the central control and local self-financing, the disaster areas and neighbouring provinces, and the party, government, and army have been highlighted. The complex interest pattern of the different resonance between the people and the multi-dimensional. The intervention of the media, especially foreign media, has accelerated the operation of the central disaster relief system. Finally, the National Government adopted the two-hand strategy of disaster relief and positive propaganda to resolve its legitimacy crisis. The reason, from the socialization of disaster relief to the politicization, embodies the process of national unification and centralization in modern times. In view of its advantages and disadvantages, the formation of large-government disaster relief system has two-sided dialectical dual characteristics.
【作者单位】： 上海立信会计金融学院马克思主义学院;上海工程技术大学社科学院;
【基金】：2013年度中共上海市教育卫生工作委员会、上海市教育委员会、上海市教育发展基金会“阳光计划”《启示与借鉴:灾害政治学视阈下的国民政府荒政研究》(项目编号:13YG08) 2011年度国家社会科学基金项目《民国时期救灾机制研究》(批准号为11CZS039)的资助
【分类号】：K265
，
本文编号：2400925
[Abstract]:In 1942-1943, the toughest stage of the War of Resistance against Japan, Henan had a great famine that shocked both China and China. Henan Province initiated the mechanism of disaster prospecting and reporting, and asked the central government for relief and relief from the task of collecting and purchasing military grain. Due to the distrust of local disaster relief and the overall situation of anti-Japanese war, the central government began to intervene slowly in Henan famine. Focusing on the reduction and reduction of military grain, bargaining between the local authorities and the central authorities and between the ministries and commissions, the war of resistance and disaster relief, the collection of grain and grants, the central control and local self-financing, the disaster areas and neighbouring provinces, and the party, government, and army have been highlighted. The complex interest pattern of the different resonance between the people and the multi-dimensional. The intervention of the media, especially foreign media, has accelerated the operation of the central disaster relief system. Finally, the National Government adopted the two-hand strategy of disaster relief and positive propaganda to resolve its legitimacy crisis. The reason, from the socialization of disaster relief to the politicization, embodies the process of national unification and centralization in modern times. In view of its advantages and disadvantages, the formation of large-government disaster relief system has two-sided dialectical dual characteristics.
【作者单位】： 上海立信会计金融学院马克思主义学院;上海工程技术大学社科学院;
【基金】：2013年度中共上海市教育卫生工作委员会、上海市教育委员会、上海市教育发展基金会“阳光计划”《启示与借鉴:灾害政治学视阈下的国民政府荒政研究》(项目编号:13YG08) 2011年度国家社会科学基金项目《民国时期救灾机制研究》(批准号为11CZS039)的资助
【分类号】：K265
，
本文编号：2400925
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