辽河流域堤坝建设研究（1912～1931）

发布时间：2019-01-06 06:54

【摘要】：辽河是辽宁儿女的母亲河,千百年来给沿岸人民造福的同时,也给沿岸人民造成了巨大的灾难。治理好辽河是利民于千秋万代的工程,防洪堤坝建设是防治水患侵扰最直接、最有效的水利工程。时间进入到近代,辽河流域的堤防建设也进入到了一个新的历史时期。特别是民国以来辽河流域开始了大规模的水患治理和堤坝建设。本文研究界定的时限是1912～1931年间,通过分析这一时期辽河流域堤坝建设的情况;总结出堤坝建设呈现的特点;也从堤坝建设中得到了重要的经验。文章主体从三个部分展开论述: 第一部分,主要是介绍民国时期辽河流域的水患及堤坝建设情况。其中包含五个方面的内容:首先,记述了历史上严重的水患情况,其中重点描述了民国时期辽河流域两次最为严重的水灾。其次,叙述了从古代到近代的辽河流域的河道整治情况及其实际效果。再次,进一步说明了近代水利和堤坝专门管理机构的建立与相关管理制度的实施。另外,重点论述了这一时期辽河流域堤坝建设工程及存在的问题。最后,列举了当时堤坝建设中典型的纠纷及其解决的办法。第二部分,是文章的主要部分。通过前面的论述,重点分析了民国时期辽河流域堤坝建设的特点。分析总结出五大特点:第一,说明了辽河流域从以疏浚为主的治理转化为以防洪为主的堤坝建设。第二,阐明了民堤已经成为当时堤坝建设的主流。第三,进一步说明了治水和利水相结合的理念已经深入人心。第四,进一步阐明了广泛吸纳近代堤坝建设的先进技术对堤坝工程的重要性。第五,以奉天省城为例重点说明了以大城市为中心的堤坝建设体系已经形成。第三部分,是通过对民国时期辽河流域堤坝建设的研究而得到的经验。主要经验包括:堤坝建设需贯彻治水和利水统筹兼顾的思想;并要完善民间自我管理与维护的制度;同时堤坝建设更需要资金的多元化筹集。总的来说,辽河流域的堤坝建设是一项既长远又系统的工程,是需要一代一代人不懈的努力。无论是古代辽河流域人民修筑简单的堤防;还是晚清政府系统的修筑堤坝:还是民国时期的政府和民众大力的疏浚河道、修筑堤防。更不管各个时期堤坝建设的成果如何,防灾效果好坏,都是值得我们总结和借鉴的,这些都是一笔宝贵的历史经验和财富。相信辽河流域防洪前景会更加美好,堤防工程也将更加稳固。
[Abstract]:Liaohe River is the mother river of Liaoning's sons and daughters. It is the most direct and effective water conservancy project to manage Liaohe River well, and flood control dam construction is the most direct and effective water conservancy project. In modern times, the levee construction of Liaohe River Basin has entered a new historical period. Especially since the Republic of China, the Liaohe River Basin began a large-scale flood control and dam construction. The time limit of this paper is 1912 ~ 1931. By analyzing the situation of levee construction in Liaohe River basin during this period, the characteristics of dike construction are summarized, and the important experience is obtained from the construction of dike. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part mainly introduces the flood and dike construction of Liaohe River basin in the period of the Republic of China. It includes five aspects: firstly, the serious flood situation in history is described, in which the two most serious floods in Liaohe River Basin during the period of the Republic of China are described emphatically. Secondly, the river regulation from ancient to modern times in Liaohe River Basin and its practical effect are described. Thirdly, it further explains the establishment of modern water conservancy and dyke management institution and the implementation of relevant management system. In addition, the construction project of levee and dam in Liaohe River Basin and the existing problems are discussed emphatically in this period. At last, the typical disputes in dike construction and their solutions are listed. The second part is the main part of the article. The characteristics of the levee construction in the Liaohe River Basin during the period of the Republic of China are analyzed. Five characteristics are analyzed and summed up: first, it shows that the Liaohe River basin is transformed from dredging to flood control. Secondly, it clarifies that the embankment has become the mainstream of dike construction at that time. Third, further explained that the combination of water management and water has been deeply rooted in the people's mind. Fourthly, the importance of absorbing the advanced technology of modern dike construction is further expounded. Fifthly, taking Fengtian provincial capital as an example, the paper emphasizes that the dyke construction system with big city as its center has been formed. The third part, through the study of the Liaohe river basin dike construction in the Republic of China. The main experiences are as follows: the construction of dikes and dams should carry out the thought of water control and water benefit, and the system of folk self-management and maintenance should be perfected; at the same time, the construction of dikes and dams need to raise more funds. In general, the construction of levees in Liaohe River Basin is a long-term and systematic project, which requires a generation's unremitting efforts. Whether the ancient Liaohe River basin people built simple levees or the late Qing government system to build dikes: or the government and the people of the Republic of China vigorously dredged the river, built levees. No matter what the achievements of dike construction in every period and the effect of disaster prevention are worth summing up and using for reference. These are valuable historical experiences and wealth. Liaohe River basin flood control prospects will be more beautiful, embankment engineering will be more stable.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

【参考文献】