琉球汉文燕行文献的学术价值——以晚清蔡大鼎的《北上杂记》为例

发布时间：2019-01-15 08:11

【摘要】：明清时期,在以中国为中心的东亚朝贡体系中,各国使者络绎不绝地前来北京,留下大批对沿途城镇及社会风情的相关记录。由于这批文献绝大多数均以北京为目的地,故可统称为"燕行文献"。不过,由于东亚各国与中国的密切程度不同,各国乃至不同使者之间的汉文水准参差不齐,故而迄今尚存的燕行文献之学术价值亦遂极不相同。总体而言,朝鲜使者所留下的燕行文献最为翔实、生动。不过,少量琉球文献亦颇值得关注,晚清蔡大鼎的《北上杂记》即是一个显著的例子。蔡氏由福州北上入京,书中记录了沿途所见所闻和观感,对北京的城市景观、风土人情、生活日用既有概述性的描摹,又有近距离接触留下的个性化记录。在清代,福州是琉球国人登陆中国的第一站,当地有柔远驿(琉球馆)及琉球墓地,不少琉球人均将福州视作自己的第二故乡。正是在这种背景下,《北上杂记》在描述燕京风土时,时刻都会想到数千里之外的福州。蔡氏对社会风俗的描摹,潜意识中多以福州为其参照背景。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, in the tribute system of East Asia with China as the center, the emissaries from all over the world came to Beijing, leaving a large number of records on towns and social customs along the way. As the vast majority of these documents are Beijing as the destination, it can be called "Yan Xing document." However, due to the different degrees of closeness between East Asian countries and China, the standard of Chinese language among countries and even different emissaries varies, so the academic value of the remaining Yan Xing literature is also very different. Overall, the Korean emissary left behind the most informative and vivid Yan Xing literature. However, a small amount of literature on Ryukyu is also worthy of attention. Cai Dading's Journey to the North in the late Qing Dynasty is a notable example. Cai went north from Fuzhou to Beijing. The book recorded what he had seen and watched along the way. He described the city landscape, local customs and daily life in Beijing, as well as the personal records left by close contact. In the Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou was the first stop for Ryukyu people to land in China. There were Ruoyuanyi (Ryukyu Museum) and Ryukyu cemetery. Many Ryukyu people regarded Fuzhou as their second hometown. It is against this background that when describing Yenching's land, I always think of Fuzhou thousands of miles away. Cai's description of social customs, subconscious Fuzhou as its reference background.
【作者单位】：复旦大学中国历史地理研究中心;
【分类号】：K252;G256

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