民国初年长芦善后兴利局整顿与改革之研究

发布时间：2019-01-18 10:42

【摘要】：盐作为一种物质，从古至今，都在人们的生产和生活中具有十分重要的作用。盐主要有井盐、池盐、和海盐三种生产类型，从夏朝开始，盐税就是历届政府的一项重要的收入来源，其地位仅次于田赋。盐在不同的历史时期有不同的买卖制度，其中“引岸专商制”是一种重要的制度。本文所研究的长芦善后兴利局就是为了保护这一制度而设立的，具体原因是因为当时的贫苦农民熬制和走私硝盐，对政府指定的专商的盐的销售构成了挑战，统治者考虑到不能单纯的采用武力缉私的手段来解决这一问题，以防激起民变威胁到自己的统治，所以就采取了设立兴利局，，把硝户子弟吸收到兴利局来，达到禁绝硝盐的目的。由于当时生产棉布是一个有利可图的行业，兴利局就把生产和销售棉布作为主业，所以兴利局又具有了企业的性质，但它是一个官僚企业。长芦善后兴利局是一个特殊的组织，它因为盐而设立，所以本文在研究它的过程中，就必然重点的交代盐的相关知识；又因它是为保护以长芦地区为“销岸”的盐商的利益，所以就必然的从长芦盐区写起，对长芦盐区的介绍就必然会有十分重要的地位。兴利局的生产和经营是一个涉及到多方面因素的问题，并且它是一个有着上千人的大型组织，所以就不得不把对它的研究放在宏大的历史背景下，它的每一项决策和改革都必须要求我们从宏观的视角去理解。具体的说本文包括以下三部分。首先，从长芦盐区切入，主要介绍了它的自然情况和人文情况，也介绍了在历史上有关盐的买卖和缉私的知识，这一部分是理解全文的重要铺垫，是基础性的知识；其次就是本文的核心部分，直接联系到兴利局成立时的背景，它的生产和管理，以及后来的被迫解散的原因和步骤；第三部分是有分析兴利局改革和管理过程中得失成败，重点研究了民国元年的孙荫改革，接着从管理学和经济学的视角解析了兴利局在生产经营和管理中的得与失，这是本文的重点部分。通过这三大部分的研究，本文所要得出的结论就是，兴利局设立不是一心为人民利益考虑的民生工程，它的经营的失败是旧中国企业普遍命运的一个缩影，旧中国不能给自己的相关企业一个光明的前景。通过兴利局的不幸遭遇的分析，从而激发我们的爱国热情，更加积极的投身到社会主义现代化建设上来，这是本文选择长芦善后兴利局这一命题进行研究的中心目的。
[Abstract]:Salt, as a substance, has played an important role in people's production and life since ancient times. Salt mainly includes well salt, pool salt and sea salt. Since the Xia Dynasty, salt tax has been an important source of income for successive governments, and its status is second only to farmland tax. Salt has different trading systems in different historical periods. The Changlu aftercare and Prosperity Bureau studied in this paper was set up to protect this system, because the poor peasants at that time kept up and smuggled nitrate salt, which posed a challenge to the sale of salt by government-appointed special merchants. Considering that it was not possible to simply use force to prevent smuggling from being used to solve the problem in order to avoid provoking the people to threaten their own rule, the ruler took the initiative of setting up a Bureau for promoting profit and absorbing the children of nitrate households to the Bureau of profit. To achieve the goal of banning nitrate. At that time, cotton cloth production was a profitable industry, so Xingli Bureau took the production and sale of cotton cloth as its main business, so it had the nature of enterprise, but it was a bureaucratic enterprise. It is a special organization, it is set up because of salt, so in the process of studying it, this paper must focus on the related knowledge of salt; And because it is to protect the interests of the salt merchants who take Changlu area as the "shore", it is necessary to write from the Changlu salt area, and the introduction of Changlu salt area will inevitably have a very important position. The production and operation of the Bureau of Prosperity is a problem involving many factors, and it is a large organization with thousands of people, so it has to put its research under a grand historical background. Every decision and reform must be understood from a macro perspective. Specifically, this paper includes the following three parts. First of all, from Changlu salt area, mainly introduced its natural and cultural situation, but also introduced the history of salt trading and anti-smuggling knowledge, this part is an important platform for understanding the full text, is the basic knowledge; Secondly, it is the core part of this paper, which is directly related to the background of the establishment of the Prosperity Bureau, its production and management, and the causes and steps of its subsequent forced dissolution; The third part is an analysis of the success or failure of the reform and management of the Bureau of Prosperity, focusing on the first year of the Republic of China's Sun Yin reform, and then from the perspective of management and economics to analyze the benefits and losses of the Bureau in the production and management. This is the key part of this paper. Through these three parts of the study, this paper will draw the conclusion that the establishment of the Prosperity Bureau is not a people's livelihood project with the sole purpose of considering the interests of the people, and its failure in operation is a microcosm of the common fate of enterprises in old China. The old China could not afford a bright future for its own businesses. Through the analysis of the unfortunate experience of the Bureau of Prosperity, we can arouse our patriotic enthusiasm and devote ourselves more actively to the construction of socialist modernization, which is the central purpose of this thesis to choose the Proposition of "prosperous Bureau".
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K258;F429

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