国统区学生爱国民主运动中的人心向背问题研究（1945-1947）

发布时间：2019-03-13 14:23

【摘要】：人心向背是最大的政治,政党要想持续获得民众认可就必须回应民众正常、合理的利益诉求。抗战胜利后国内民众最根本的利益诉求在于和平、民主与民生。其中和平与民生不仅直接关系到普通民众的切身利益,而且也是最容易影响民众心理变化的因素。战后初期,国共两党进行了重庆谈判、一同参加了由各党派和社会贤达共同组成的政治协商会议,初步定下了战后国内和平、民主的基调。如果国民党发动内战、继续坚持-党独裁,将使其政治信誉破产。与此同时,由于科学、系统接收政策的缺乏以及国民党政府自身的腐败因素使得国民党政府的形象进一步受损,民众的不满情绪在蔓延。学生运动的爆发就是以社会的不满情绪为铺垫,基于一定的利益诉求而出现的。学生爱国民主运动中人心向背的转变并不是一蹴而就,而是存在于每一次国共两党回应学生运动中民众和平、民主与民生等利益诉求而展开的相互较量。国共两党分别在“去政治化”与政治化政策的指导下所采取的应对学生运动的具体策略导致青年学生人心向背的变化。青年学生与社会各阶层有着千丝万缕的联系,而学生运动又反映了民众的根本利益诉求。因此,学生运动将不可避免地对其他社会阶层产生影响,青年学生政治态度的变化也将影响其他社会阶层的人心向背。国民党政府既无法有效回应民众利益诉求,又缺乏有效应对学生运动的策略。与之相反,中国共产党通过正确的策略以及对民意的实质性回应成功引导了学生运动的走向,将学生运动上升到反对国民党政府统治的政治高度。在和平无望、民生凋敝、沟通无效的前提下,文化人和市民阶层对学生运动的态度由支持和同情逐渐转变为深度参与。人心向背的现实启示在于及时、有效、合理地回应民众利益诉求。为此,需要加强执政党自身建设,提高政党的凝聚力与战斗力；加强执政党执政能力建设,提高政党有效应对危机的能力：厘清执政党与政府的关系,加强社会凝聚与整合的力度；要以经济建设为中心,把民生放在治国理政的显要位置；大力发展民主政治,妥善解决民众参政、议政的政治诉求：加强对社会舆论的引导,传播主流价值观和社会正能量。
[Abstract]:People's heart-to-heart is the biggest politics, the political party must respond to the people's normal and reasonable interests if they want to continue to be accepted by the public. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the fundamental interests of the domestic people are peace, democracy and people's livelihood. Peace and people's livelihood are not only directly related to the vital interests of ordinary people, but also the most easy to affect the psychological changes of the people. In the early days of the post-war, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party held talks in Chongqing and participated in a political consultative meeting composed of various political parties and social sages, which initially set the tone of peace and democracy in the country after the war. If the Kuomintang waged a civil war and continued its dictatorship, it would ruin its political credibility. At the same time, the image of KMT government was further damaged by science, the lack of systematic reception policy and the corruption of KMT government itself, and the discontent of the people was spreading. The outbreak of student movement is based on social discontent and based on certain interests. The change of people's hearts and minds in the student patriotic democratic movement is not achieved overnight, but exists in the contest between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in response to the interests of peace, democracy and people's livelihood of the students' movement in each and every time the two parties respond to the interests of the people in the student movement, such as peace, democracy and people's livelihood. Under the guidance of "depoliticization" and "politicization", the specific strategies adopted by KMT and CPC to deal with the student movement lead to the change of the hearts and minds of the young students. The young students are inextricably connected with all social strata, and the student movement reflects the fundamental interests of the people. Therefore, student movement will inevitably have an impact on other social strata, and the change of young students' political attitude will also affect the hearts and minds of other social strata. KMT government can not effectively respond to the interests of the people, but also lack of effective response to student movement strategy. By contrast, the Communist Party of China successfully guided the student movement through the correct strategy and substantive response to public opinion, raising the student movement to a political height against the rule of the Kuomintang government. Under the premise of no hope of peace, poor people and ineffective communication, the attitude of the cultural and civil class towards the student movement has gradually changed from support and sympathy to deep participation. The realistic enlightenment of people's heart-to-heart lies in the timely, effective and reasonable response to the interests of the people. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the self-construction of the ruling party and improve the cohesion and combat effectiveness of the political party. Strengthening the ruling party's ruling ability and improving the political party's ability to deal with the crisis effectively: clarifying the relationship between the ruling party and the government, strengthening the strength of social cohesion and integration, taking the economic construction as the center, putting the people's livelihood in the prominent position of governing the country; Vigorously developing democratic politics, properly solving the political demands of people participating in politics and discussing politics: strengthening the guidance of public opinion, spreading the mainstream values and positive energy of society.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K266

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