辛亥时期的黎元洪与程德全之比较研究

发布时间：2019-03-19 07:04

【摘要】：黎元洪与程德全都是辛亥革命中的风云人物,他们都是中华民国的创建者之一。在武昌起义爆发之前,黎元洪是湖北新军的高级将领,程德全是实任的江苏巡抚,此时的他们都是忠于清廷的高官。那么,他们二人是如何由清廷要员转变为民国元勋的呢?关于这个问题,笔者从他们二人早期的经历与思想倾向中找到了答案。即出生平民家庭的他们,随着民族危机的加深以及西学东渐的影响,他们在革命爆发之前就已经萌发了“君主立宪”的政治倾向,并与当地的立宪派领袖建立了良好关系。因此,革命爆发之后,他们在试图挽救清王朝而无果之后,便放弃了“君主立宪”的立场,迅速转向“共和立宪”,支持革命,为中华民国的建立做出了突出贡献。本文从在辛亥革命中的作用、处理会党对策、在二次革命期间的态度转变三个方面,对辛亥时期的黎元洪与程德全进行考察分析,进而比较二人的异与同。辛亥革命中的黎、程二人作为武昌与苏州的最高领导人,分别在不同程度上代表了辛亥革命的两种模式,即武昌暴力革命模式与苏州和平光复模式,这两种模式相辅相成,共同促成了辛亥革命在全国范围内的胜利,对中华民国的建立起到了重要的推动作用。而在处理会党对策方面,何以程能够在“洗程会”事件后得到了苏州人民的信任,而黎则在“张、方”事件后声望骤减呢?笔者从他们的出身、谋士、实力三个方面进行了考察分析。在二次革命中,黎、程二人为维护得来不易的民主共和制度,皆主张通过法律手段解决宋案与善后大借款案,反对发动二次革命,但由于他们所代表的中间派力量十分弱小,所以他们并没有能力左右政局的发展。二次革命后黎元洪曾抵制袁世凯称帝,并竭力抵制北洋军阀武力统一的行径,失败后转入实业救国的道路,终其一生未放弃民主共和的旗帜;程德全虽遁入空门,但从不后悔他在辛亥年的革命选择,并以佛教慈悲心怀,而从事公益慈善事业。在辛亥革命106周年之际,这二位在辛亥革命期间顺应历史潮流而动,推动辛亥革命成功的伟人之历史功绩我们是不应当忘记的。
[Abstract]:Li Yuanhong and Cheng Dequan were both the most popular figures in the 1911 Revolution, and they were one of the founders of the Republic of China. Before the Wuchang uprising broke out, Li Yuanhong was a senior general of the new army in Hubei Province, and Cheng Dequan was a real governor of Jiangsu. At this time, they were all senior officials loyal to the Qing court. Then, how did the two of them turn from Qing Dynasty dignitaries to the Founding Fathers of the Republic of China? On this question, the author found the answer from their early experiences and ideological tendencies. With the deepening of the national crisis and the influence of western learning, they had already sprouted the political tendency of "constitutional monarchy" before the beginning of the revolution, and established good relations with local constitutionalist leaders. Therefore, after the revolution broke out, after trying to save the Qing Dynasty without success, they gave up the position of "constitutional monarchy", quickly turned to "Republican constitution", supported the revolution, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the Republic of China. This paper makes an investigation and analysis of Li Yuanhong and Cheng Dequan in the period of Xinhai from three aspects: the role in the revolution of 1911, the treatment of the Party's countermeasures, and the change of attitude during the second revolution, and then compares the differences and similarities between the two. Li and Cheng, as the supreme leaders of Wuchang and Suzhou in the Revolution of 1911, represented, to varying degrees, two models of the Revolution of 1911, namely, the violent revolution model of Wuchang and the mode of peaceful restoration of Suzhou, which are complementary to each other. Together contributed to the victory of the Revolution of 1911 throughout the country, and played an important role in promoting the establishment of the Republic of China. How can Cheng win the trust of the people of Suzhou after the "wash-the-process" incident, while Li's reputation has plummeted after the "Zhang, Fang" incident? The author from their origins, counselors, strength three aspects of investigation and analysis. In the second revolution, in order to maintain the hard-won democratic Republican system, Li and Cheng both advocated the resolution of the Song case and the large loan case after the settlement by legal means, and opposed the launching of the second revolution, but because the centrist forces they represented were very weak. Therefore, they do not have the ability to influence the development of the political situation. After the second revolution, Li Yuanhong boycotted Yuan Shikai as emperor and tried his best to resist the unification of force by the northern warlords. After his failure, he turned to the road of saving the country in industry and never gave up the banner of democracy and republic throughout his life. Although Cheng Dequan escaped into the empty door, he never regretted his revolutionary choice in the year of 1911 and engaged in charity and charity with the compassion of Buddhism. On the occasion of the 106th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, we should not forget the historical achievements of these two great men who followed the historical trend and promoted the success of the 1911 Revolution.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K257

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