民国前期（1912-1927）湖南疫灾防治研究
发布时间：2019-03-26 12:17
【摘要】：民国前期湖南政局动荡,军阀混战,水旱灾害频发,天灾人祸终导致湖南疫灾肆虐,严重危害到湘省民众的健康和生命。面对疫灾的侵犯,省政府采取了比较积极地防治对策和措施。为了及时控制和消灭瘟疫,迅速成立了临时防疫组织,指挥疫病救治工作,逐渐形成湖南卫生行政机构的雏形,包括湖南卫生科、临时卫生队、临时卫生防疫处等防疫机构。在救治疫病的过程中,湖南卫生防疫体系逐步形成,政府以及各种社会卫生防疫组织都积极参与救治工作,起到一定的作用。 民国前期湘省政府和社会各界都积极采取各种手段应对疫灾。政府成立临时防疫处为防治疫病提供技术支持和领导指挥作用;防疫法规的制定和颁布,疫情汇报制度形成,为预防疫病提供严格制度保障;防疫医院的建立,积极救治疫病患者,挽救了无数生命;交通管制和隔离的实行、清洁消毒与消除害虫并重,有效的控制疫情蔓延;疫病预防救治知识的普及和宣传,为人民提供了一个了解、认识疫病的平台,进而能较好的进行自我防范。预防接种牛痘逐渐被大众接受,极大的降低了死亡率,打开了人们的眼界。这些举措的实施,增强了政府卫生防疫职能,形成了一套较为分工明确和系统化的近代公共卫生机制。对防疫事业的发展起到了巨大作用。 民国前期湖南防疫措施具有鲜明的近代色彩。防疫理念由被动逐渐向主动转变;现代交通、信息技术应用于防疫;西医西药在防疫作用中的凸显;防疫过程中官方主导,社会化趋势加强。这些都表明湖南卫生防疫事业在逐渐迈向近代化,是社会文明与进步的一种表现。总之,民国前期湖南卫生防疫事业取得了一定的成就,虽然存在着某些不足,但在当时有限的技术和财力下,能逐步形成了一套以政府为主导的近代防疫机制,给整个社会和人民防疫观念和行为带来了深远影响。
[Abstract]:In the early period of the Republic of China, the political situation in Hunan Province was turbulent, warlords were at war, floods and droughts occurred frequently, and natural and man-made disasters eventually led to the outbreak of epidemic disasters in Hunan Province, seriously endangering the health and life of the people in Hunan Province. In the face of the invasion of epidemic disasters, the provincial government has taken more active countermeasures and measures. In order to control and eliminate the plague in time, a temporary epidemic prevention organization was set up quickly to direct the treatment of epidemic diseases, and gradually formed the embryonic form of Hunan health administration organization, including Hunan Health Department, temporary Health team, temporary Health Prevention Department and so on. In the course of treating epidemic diseases, Hunan health and epidemic prevention system has gradually formed, the government and various social health and epidemic prevention organizations are actively involved in the treatment work, and play a certain role in the treatment. In the early period of the Republic of China, the government of Hunan Province and all walks of life took all kinds of measures to deal with the epidemic. The government has set up temporary epidemic prevention department to provide technical support and leading command for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, the formulation and promulgation of epidemic prevention laws and regulations, the formation of epidemic situation reporting system, and the provision of strict system protection for the prevention of epidemic diseases; The establishment of epidemic prevention hospital has saved countless lives by actively treating the epidemic patients, carrying out traffic control and isolation, paying equal attention to cleaning and disinfecting and eliminating pests, and effectively controlling the spread of epidemic situation. The popularization and propaganda of the knowledge of epidemic prevention and treatment provide the people with a platform for understanding and understanding the epidemic disease, so that they can better carry out self-prevention. Vaccination has gradually been accepted by the public, greatly reducing the mortality rate, opened people's eyes. The implementation of these measures strengthened the function of government health and epidemic prevention and formed a set of modern public health mechanism with clear division of labor and systematization. It has played a great role in the development of epidemic prevention. Hunan epidemic prevention measures in the early period of the Republic of China have a bright modern color. The concept of epidemic prevention is gradually changing from passive to active; modern traffic, information technology is used in epidemic prevention; Western medicine and western medicine play a prominent role in epidemic prevention; the official-led and socialized trend is strengthened in the process of epidemic prevention. All of these indicate that Hunan health and epidemic prevention is gradually moving towards modernization, which is a manifestation of social civilization and progress. In short, Hunan has made some achievements in the cause of health and epidemic prevention in the early period of the Republic of China. Although there are some deficiencies, under the limited technical and financial resources at that time, a set of modern anti-epidemic mechanisms led by the government was gradually formed. It has brought far-reaching influence to the whole society and people's conception and behavior of epidemic prevention.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258
本文编号：2447538
[Abstract]:In the early period of the Republic of China, the political situation in Hunan Province was turbulent, warlords were at war, floods and droughts occurred frequently, and natural and man-made disasters eventually led to the outbreak of epidemic disasters in Hunan Province, seriously endangering the health and life of the people in Hunan Province. In the face of the invasion of epidemic disasters, the provincial government has taken more active countermeasures and measures. In order to control and eliminate the plague in time, a temporary epidemic prevention organization was set up quickly to direct the treatment of epidemic diseases, and gradually formed the embryonic form of Hunan health administration organization, including Hunan Health Department, temporary Health team, temporary Health Prevention Department and so on. In the course of treating epidemic diseases, Hunan health and epidemic prevention system has gradually formed, the government and various social health and epidemic prevention organizations are actively involved in the treatment work, and play a certain role in the treatment. In the early period of the Republic of China, the government of Hunan Province and all walks of life took all kinds of measures to deal with the epidemic. The government has set up temporary epidemic prevention department to provide technical support and leading command for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, the formulation and promulgation of epidemic prevention laws and regulations, the formation of epidemic situation reporting system, and the provision of strict system protection for the prevention of epidemic diseases; The establishment of epidemic prevention hospital has saved countless lives by actively treating the epidemic patients, carrying out traffic control and isolation, paying equal attention to cleaning and disinfecting and eliminating pests, and effectively controlling the spread of epidemic situation. The popularization and propaganda of the knowledge of epidemic prevention and treatment provide the people with a platform for understanding and understanding the epidemic disease, so that they can better carry out self-prevention. Vaccination has gradually been accepted by the public, greatly reducing the mortality rate, opened people's eyes. The implementation of these measures strengthened the function of government health and epidemic prevention and formed a set of modern public health mechanism with clear division of labor and systematization. It has played a great role in the development of epidemic prevention. Hunan epidemic prevention measures in the early period of the Republic of China have a bright modern color. The concept of epidemic prevention is gradually changing from passive to active; modern traffic, information technology is used in epidemic prevention; Western medicine and western medicine play a prominent role in epidemic prevention; the official-led and socialized trend is strengthened in the process of epidemic prevention. All of these indicate that Hunan health and epidemic prevention is gradually moving towards modernization, which is a manifestation of social civilization and progress. In short, Hunan has made some achievements in the cause of health and epidemic prevention in the early period of the Republic of China. Although there are some deficiencies, under the limited technical and financial resources at that time, a set of modern anti-epidemic mechanisms led by the government was gradually formed. It has brought far-reaching influence to the whole society and people's conception and behavior of epidemic prevention.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258
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