人民公社时期河北省农业机械化运动研究
发布时间：2019-03-26 13:07
【摘要】：农业的发展离不开农业生产工具的变革。农业机械化是农业现代化的一个重要标志，代表着农业的发展水平。农业机械的普遍应用一方面有助于粮食增产，增加农民收入，确保国家粮食安全，另一方面可以减轻农民的劳动强度，达到解放劳动力的目的，从而在很大程度上促进农村经济的繁荣发展，保证国民经济的健康发展。早在建国初期，为了恢复长期战争对农业生产的破坏，中国共产党领导农民增补旧式农具，逐步改良农业生产工具，从而促进了农业的恢复和发展。20世纪50年代末到60年代初，在农业合作化时期，尤其是人民公社化运动后，按照毛泽东提出的“先合作化，后机械化”的发展道路，推广新式农具，引进和仿制农业机械，我国开始了轰轰烈烈的农业机械化运动。 本文是在总结前人研究成果的基础上，始终坚持以马克思的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义作为理论指导，采用系统研究方法，从宏观方面看人民公社化时期的政策导向；兼有跨学科的研究方法，综合政治学、历史学等学科有关理论和方法，以及社会史、计量史学等研究方法，采取定量分析法，进行数据分析，丰富论证手段，增强论证力度。并且选取河北省的农业机械化运动作为微观考察对象，研究其在人民公社这一特殊时期的发展历程。 本文共分为五个部分。第一部分是绪论，主要论述了课题的提出及研究意义，相关的研究综述，研究方法，逻辑结构以及对相关概念的界定。 第二部分主要是分析了河北省农业机械化运动的历史背景，包括有河北的地理状况，对人民公社建立之前河北的农业机械的发展和河北省人民公社运动的发展进行论述，重点是在全国大背景下分析了人民公社时期推行农业机械化运动的原因。文章认为，推行农业机械化运动既是客观生产力发展、减轻劳动强度的需要，也是国家政策、舆论推动的结果。 第三部分是本文的主体部分，将人民公社时期分三个阶段，概述了河北地区农业机械化运动在不同阶段的发展状况，概括出农业机械化运动经历的两次高潮到最后退潮的过程。群众性的农具改良运动和以滚珠轴承化为标志的半机械化运动掀起农业机械化运动的第一次高潮；六、七十年代国家召开的三次农机会议将全国推向农业机械化运动的第二次高潮,为“1980年基本上实现农业机械化”这一目标而奋斗；1978年十一届三中全会以后，开始理性看待农业机械化的发展，农业机械化运动进入退潮阶段，农业机械由全部集体经营逐渐转为以个人经营为主。 第四部分是对人民公社时期河北省农业机械化运动进行评价。本文试图打破以往理论界对人民公社体制的一个偏见，客观的评价人民公社体制对农业机械化的推动作用，在国家的积极支持下，农业机械化得到前所未有的发展。同时我们也不能忽略人民公社体制中过严过死的命令式政策所造成的一些不良影响，力图还原一个真实的历史状况。 最后一部分是对全文的总结。 本文通过对人民公社时期河北农业机械化运动的研究，以小见大，力求对人民公社时期的农业机械化运动高潮做出客观的历史评价，探寻农业机械化的发展历程，从中吸取经验教训，从而积极应对现实问题，正确把握农村改革方向，以便切实解决好“三农”问题，对建设有中国特色的社会主义新农村，，实现农业的现代化有重大的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is inseparable from the change of agricultural production tools. Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization and represents the level of agricultural development. The universal application of the agricultural machine helps to increase the grain yield, increase the income of the farmers, ensure the national food security, and on the other hand, can reduce the labor intensity of the farmers and achieve the purpose of freeing the labor force, thereby promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy to a great extent, To ensure the healthy development of the national economy. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore the destruction of the agricultural production in the long-term war, the Communist Party of China led the farmers to supplement the old-style farm tools and gradually improve the agricultural production tools, thus promoting the recovery and development of agriculture. In particular, after the people's public and social movement, according to the development road of the "pre-cooperation and post-mechanization" put forward by Mao Zedong, the new agricultural tools, the introduction and the imitation of agricultural machinery have been promoted, and China has started a vigorous and vigorous agricultural mechanization movement. This paper, on the basis of summing up the previous research results, has always adhered to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marx as the theoretical guidance. The system research method is adopted to view the policy guidance of the people's public social and social period from the macro aspect, and has a cross-disciplinary study party. The research methods, such as the law, the comprehensive political science, the history, etc., and the research methods such as the social history, the measurement history, etc., adopt the quantitative analysis method, carry on the data analysis, enrich the demonstration means, and enhance the demonstration force. In order to study the development of the special period of the people's commune, the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province is selected as the object of the micro-examination. Cheng. This article is divided into five. The first part is the introduction, which mainly discusses the development of the subject, the research significance, the relevant research, the research method, the logical structure and the related concept. The second part mainly analyses the historical background of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province, including the geographical status of Hebei, the development of the agricultural machinery in Hebei and the development of the people's commune in Hebei province before the establishment of the people's commune. The focus of the exhibition is to analyze the agricultural mechanization in the people's commune period under the great background of the country The reason of the movement is that the implementation of the agricultural mechanization is not only the objective productivity development, the need of reducing the labor intensity, but also the national policy and the public opinion. The third part is the main part of this paper, which divides the period of the people's communes into three stages, and summarizes the development of the agricultural mechanization in different stages of the Hebei region, and summarizes the two high tide of the agricultural mechanization. The process of the last ebb tide is the first high tide of the agricultural mechanization in the mass-mass agricultural implement movement and the semi-mechanized movement of the ball bearing as the mark, and the three agricultural machinery meetings held in the country in the 1970s to push the whole country to the agricultural mechanization transportation After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978, the development of agricultural mechanization began to be viewed rationally, the agricultural mechanization moved into the ebb-flow phase, and the agricultural machinery was gradually changed from the whole to the collective operation The fourth part is the agriculture of Hebei province in the period of people's commune This paper attempts to break a bias in the system of the people's communes in the past, and to evaluate the effect of the system of the people's communes on the mechanization of the agricultural mechanization. At the same time, we can't ignore some of the negative effects caused by the excessive and severe command-type policies in the people's communes system and try to restore A real historical condition. The latter part is a summary of the full text. This paper, through the study of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province during the period of the people's commune, makes an objective historical evaluation on the high tide of the agricultural mechanization during the people's commune period, and explores the agricultural mechanization. The course of development is to draw lessons from it, so as to actively deal with the real problems and correctly grasp the direction of the rural reform so as to effectively solve the good "rural and rural areas" problems, and to realize the present situation of the new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and the realization of agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27;F323.3
本文编号：2447573
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is inseparable from the change of agricultural production tools. Agricultural mechanization is an important symbol of agricultural modernization and represents the level of agricultural development. The universal application of the agricultural machine helps to increase the grain yield, increase the income of the farmers, ensure the national food security, and on the other hand, can reduce the labor intensity of the farmers and achieve the purpose of freeing the labor force, thereby promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy to a great extent, To ensure the healthy development of the national economy. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore the destruction of the agricultural production in the long-term war, the Communist Party of China led the farmers to supplement the old-style farm tools and gradually improve the agricultural production tools, thus promoting the recovery and development of agriculture. In particular, after the people's public and social movement, according to the development road of the "pre-cooperation and post-mechanization" put forward by Mao Zedong, the new agricultural tools, the introduction and the imitation of agricultural machinery have been promoted, and China has started a vigorous and vigorous agricultural mechanization movement. This paper, on the basis of summing up the previous research results, has always adhered to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marx as the theoretical guidance. The system research method is adopted to view the policy guidance of the people's public social and social period from the macro aspect, and has a cross-disciplinary study party. The research methods, such as the law, the comprehensive political science, the history, etc., and the research methods such as the social history, the measurement history, etc., adopt the quantitative analysis method, carry on the data analysis, enrich the demonstration means, and enhance the demonstration force. In order to study the development of the special period of the people's commune, the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province is selected as the object of the micro-examination. Cheng. This article is divided into five. The first part is the introduction, which mainly discusses the development of the subject, the research significance, the relevant research, the research method, the logical structure and the related concept. The second part mainly analyses the historical background of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province, including the geographical status of Hebei, the development of the agricultural machinery in Hebei and the development of the people's commune in Hebei province before the establishment of the people's commune. The focus of the exhibition is to analyze the agricultural mechanization in the people's commune period under the great background of the country The reason of the movement is that the implementation of the agricultural mechanization is not only the objective productivity development, the need of reducing the labor intensity, but also the national policy and the public opinion. The third part is the main part of this paper, which divides the period of the people's communes into three stages, and summarizes the development of the agricultural mechanization in different stages of the Hebei region, and summarizes the two high tide of the agricultural mechanization. The process of the last ebb tide is the first high tide of the agricultural mechanization in the mass-mass agricultural implement movement and the semi-mechanized movement of the ball bearing as the mark, and the three agricultural machinery meetings held in the country in the 1970s to push the whole country to the agricultural mechanization transportation After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978, the development of agricultural mechanization began to be viewed rationally, the agricultural mechanization moved into the ebb-flow phase, and the agricultural machinery was gradually changed from the whole to the collective operation The fourth part is the agriculture of Hebei province in the period of people's commune This paper attempts to break a bias in the system of the people's communes in the past, and to evaluate the effect of the system of the people's communes on the mechanization of the agricultural mechanization. At the same time, we can't ignore some of the negative effects caused by the excessive and severe command-type policies in the people's communes system and try to restore A real historical condition. The latter part is a summary of the full text. This paper, through the study of the agricultural mechanization in Hebei province during the period of the people's commune, makes an objective historical evaluation on the high tide of the agricultural mechanization during the people's commune period, and explores the agricultural mechanization. The course of development is to draw lessons from it, so as to actively deal with the real problems and correctly grasp the direction of the rural reform so as to effectively solve the good "rural and rural areas" problems, and to realize the present situation of the new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics and the realization of agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27;F323.3
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1 张蓝水;;简单而重要:什么是农业机械化——农业机械化定义泛议[J];农业技术与装备;2007年09期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 朱显灵;中国农业机械化的起步：1950-1960[D];中国科学技术大学;2007年
本文编号：2447573
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