沦陷时期无锡初等教育研究（1937-1945）

发布时间：2019-03-31 11:08

【摘要】：民国无锡素有“小上海”之誉。无锡近代化过程中鲜有外国势力干预,处处彰显着当地人自强不息的奋斗精神和开阔的国际眼界,其发达的工商业和教育事业更是民国倡导“实业救国”与“教育救国”思想的具体实践。然而,1937年爆发的中日战争中断了中国近代化的步伐,也损毁了无锡半个世纪以来的发展成果,其战前发达的工商业毁坏殆尽,教育事业更是受到重创。沦陷八年,无锡先后处于日方势力、地方势力、伪维新政府、汪伪政府势力的控制下,在以上势力无法触及的广大乡村地区还有国共两党领导的地下武装力量和民众自发组织的抗日力量。各方力量围绕侵略和反侵略进行了多番较量,其在教育领域内的对抗体现为对无锡教育权的激烈争夺。教育权争夺的核心是对青年人才的争夺。各方势力在争夺无锡教育权问题上可分为两派,一派是试图推行奴化教育的势力,包括日本以及在其操纵下成立的伪政权；另一派则是反抗日本奴化教育的力量,包括中共和国民党秘密组织以及地方爱国人士自发开展的教育活动。在两大阵营的斗争中,反奴化教育工作的开展极具风险和困难,但也收到了积极的效果,是抗日战争的重要组成部分,其工作人员的态度和勇气是中华民族的宝贵财富,也是中华文化优越性的重要体现。在建设社会主义和谐文化的今天,研究反奴化教育仍具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Wuxi is known as "Little Shanghai" in the Republic of China. Few foreign forces intervened in the process of modernization in Wuxi, showing everywhere the spirit of self-improvement of the local people and an open international perspective. Its developed industry and commerce and education are the concrete practice of the Republic of China advocating "industrial saving the country" and "education saving the country". However, the Sino-Japanese war broke out in 1937 interrupted the pace of China's modernization and destroyed the development achievements of Wuxi for half a century. The developed industry and commerce before the war were destroyed and education was severely damaged. For eight years, Wuxi has been under the control of Japanese forces, local forces, the pseudo-reform government, and Wang's pseudo-government. In the vast rural areas that these forces cannot reach, there are underground armed forces led by the Kuomintang and Communist Party and anti-Japanese forces organized spontaneously by the people. The confrontation in the field of education is reflected in the fierce struggle for the right to education in Wuxi. The core of the right to education is the competition for young talents. The forces of all sides can be divided into two groups on the issue of the right to education in Wuxi. One is the forces trying to promote the education of enslavement, including Japan and the false regime set up under its control; Another group is the resistance to Japanese enslavement education, including secret organizations of the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang, as well as voluntary educational activities by local patriots. In the struggle between the two camps, the development of anti-slavery education is extremely risky and difficult, but it has also received positive results and is an important part of the War of Resistance against Japan, and the attitude and courage of its staff members are the precious wealth of the Chinese nation. It is also an important embodiment of the superiority of Chinese culture. In the construction of socialist harmonious culture today, the study of anti-slavery education is still of great practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K265;G639.29

【参考文献】