民国（1927-1949）青海蒙藏牧区县政研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 11:05

【摘要】：民国时期是中国由传统社会向近现代社会过渡的关键时期，青海蒙藏牧区在此背景下开始了近代化的进程。青海蒙藏牧区设机构管理最早可追溯到汉代，清代打破了前代的羁縻政策，在蒙藏牧区推行盟旗制度和千百户制度，也保留着一定的政教合一制度。在这样制度下，地方社会实际上仍被土著上层控制，国家力量并不能有效延伸到地方基层社会中。民国时期为了改变这一局面，国民政府在蒙藏牧区设立了县、设治局、行政督察区等，并且设立了一批下属机构和配套机构，以期实现国家权力在蒙藏牧区的进一步深入和细化。国家也采取一系列措施保证县政有效推行。这些政策取得了一定的效果。但因民国时期战乱频繁的环境，青海落后的客观现实和国民政府的政策失误等，青海蒙藏牧区县政难以推行。几百年形成的强大的社会力量及民众对部落根深蒂固的认同对国家力量形成了强大反弹，极力阻止国家力量深入地方，而且国家也需要依靠社会力量管理地方社会。整个民国时期，青海蒙藏牧区的县等代表国家力量的基层机构无法对地方社会有效地管理和服务，大部分权力还在原有的社会管理者——头人和喇嘛手中。有时县政府推行政令甚至需要借助军队或其他暴力，，即使这样也无法长期且有效地解决问题。国民政府在县政推行方面错失了机会，造成了许多历史遗留问题。
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China was the key period of China's transition from traditional society to modern society. Under this background, the Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas in Qinghai Province began the process of modernization. The management of Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas in Qinghai Province can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty broke the policy of Jimi of the previous generation and carried out the alliance flag system and the thousands of families system in the Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas, and also retained a certain system of unity of politics and religion. Under such a system, the local society is still controlled by the indigenous upper class, and the national power can not be effectively extended to the local grass-roots society. In order to change this situation during the period of the Republic of China, the national government set up counties, administrative bureaus, administrative inspection areas and so on in the pastoral areas of Mongolia and Tibet, and set up a number of subordinate bodies and supporting institutions. In order to realize the state power in the Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas of further deepening and refinement. The state has also adopted a series of measures to ensure the effective implementation of county government. These policies have had some effect. However, due to the frequent war in the Republic of China, the backward reality of Qinghai and the policy mistakes of the national government, it is difficult to carry out the county administration in the Mongolian, Tibetan and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province. The strong social forces formed over the centuries and the deep-rooted identity of the people to the tribes have strongly rebelled against the national forces, trying to prevent them from reaching the local level, and the state also needs to rely on the social forces to manage the local society. Throughout the period of the Republic of China, grass-roots organizations representing the national forces, such as counties in Mongolian-Tibetan pastoral areas of Qinghai Province, were unable to effectively manage and serve the local society, and most of the power was still in the hands of the original social managers, the head and the Lama. Sometimes county governments need to resort to military or other violence, even if they do not solve the problem in a long-term and effective way. The national government missed the opportunity to carry out county administration and caused many problems left over by history.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D693;K258

【参考文献】