何如璋的日本认识

发布时间：2019-04-17 06:22

【摘要】：十九世纪中后期,欧美资本主义国家相继完成工业革命,国力逐渐强盛,并率先走上了对外侵略扩张的道路。相比之下,亚洲许多国家仍然在封建道路上徘徊,直接成为列强侵略、争夺的海外市场。面对列强的侵略,同为亚洲国家的中国和日本却走上了不同的发展道路。明治维新后,在西方列强“力”的感召下,日本在行动及思想等方面逐渐体现出“脱亚入欧”的精神,并为加入西方资本主义的阵营,做出种种努力,开始走上了对外扩张的道路。与此同时,闭关锁国的清王朝却沦为半殖民地半封建社会,它被动地接受西方全新的政治、经济等理念,并被西方强制性地纳入所谓“条约体系”中。何如璋正是在这一新旧制度交替及日本明治维新后国力逐渐增强之际,作为中国的初代驻日公使出使日本的。初入日本的何如璋,面对日本实力的迅速强大,深受触动。他以外交家的身份留心观察并潜心研究日本。虽然他身为封建大臣,却能以发展的眼光看待明治日本,能够突破本阶级的思想局限以及摆脱传统日本认识的束缚,其认识本身独具匠心。另外,国内外学界关于“何如璋日本认识”著述的缺如,为本课题留下了广阔的研究空间。本研究拟以何如璋出任日本公使四年间的活动与著述为中心,从何如璋的亚洲主义思想、何如璋的著作、何如璋在琉球事件中的精彩表现、何如璋收回领事裁判权及平等贸易通商权等方面,来探究何如璋的日本认识。研究何如璋的日本认识,有助于厘清古代中国的日本认识与近代中国日本认识之间的历史连续性与差异性,有助于人们认清两种日本认识转换的历史契机。因此,本课题的研究价值与现实意义是不言而喻的。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late period of the 19th century, the capitalist countries in Europe and America completed the industrial revolution one after another, and their national strength became stronger and stronger gradually, and they took the lead in the way of foreign invasion and expansion. By contrast, many countries in Asia are still hovering on the feudal road, directly becoming invading and competing for overseas markets. In the face of the aggression of the great powers, China and Japan, both Asian countries, have embarked on a different path of development. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan gradually embodied the spirit of "Brexit Asia into Europe" in its actions and thoughts, and made various efforts to join the camp of Western capitalism, under the influence of the "power" of the Western powers. Began to embark on the road of external expansion. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. It passively accepted the new political, economic and other ideas in the West and was coerced into the so-called "treaty system" by the West. He Ruzhang was at a time when this new and old system alternated and Japan's post-Meiji power gradually strengthened. He was the first Chinese envoy to Japan. He Ruzhang, who first entered Japan, was deeply touched by the rapid strength of Japan. He watched and studied Japan as a diplomat. Although he was a feudal minister, he could look at Meiji Japan from the perspective of development, break through the ideological limitations of his own class and get rid of the fetters of traditional Japanese knowledge, and his knowledge itself was ingenious. In addition, the lack of domestic and foreign scholars about "he Ruzhang's understanding of Japan" has left a broad research space for this topic. The purpose of this study is to focus on the activities and writings of he Ruzhang during the past four years as Minister of Japan, from he Ruzhang's Asian ideology, his works, and his wonderful performance in the Ryukyu incident. He Ruzhang retracted consular jurisdiction and equal right to trade and trade to explore his understanding of Japan. A study of he Ruzhang's knowledge of Japan is helpful to clarify the historical continuity and difference between the knowledge of Japan in ancient China and that of modern China and Japan, and to help people to recognize the historical opportunity of the two kinds of Japanese cognition transformation. Therefore, the research value and practical significance of this topic is self-evident.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K256

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