政治文化视角下的民初代议制度研究

发布时间：2019-06-05 21:39

【摘要】： 民主是文明社会的基本价值,是近代政治文明的伟大成果,是不同国家、不同意识形态共识的政治哲学。当今,追求民主已然成为世界各国政府与人民的共识。民主既是一种制度也是一种文化,民主的实现需要民主制度与民主文化的和谐统一。本文以政治文化为视角,对民初代议制度的建立、运行、失败进行了系统研究,最后,对民主政治发展和社会主义政治文明建设了提出自己的看法。清末,西方列强凭借着船坚炮利敲开了旧中国的大门,随之而来涌入国内的除了大量的商品之外还有丰富的文化。广大仁人志士在认清清政府腐败无能的本质后,开始接受西方的先进文化——参与型政治文化——并向其寻找御敌救国之道。参与型政治文化在近代中国的萌生与发展,不但使国人在思想上受到了启蒙,而且更直接的后果就是促使封建君主专制统治的倒台与代议民主制度的建立。代议制度在近代中国建立以后,其运行与发展远远脱离了国人的预期。辛亥革命所推翻的君主专制制度,仅仅是摧毁了封建政治制度的“形”,而在中国绵延千年之久的封建政治制度的“神”——依附型政治文化——却依然强大。参与型政治文化不但没有因为代议制度的确立而成为民初社会的主流政治文化,反而因为在与依附型政治文化的对抗中失利发生异化。畸形的政治文化最终决定了民初代议制度也只能是“昙花一现”。 “以古为镜,可知兴替”,回顾民初那段激荡的岁月,我们可以看到代议制度的健康运行,必须要有与之相适应的参与型政治文化的良性互动。社会主义人民代表大会制度是新型的代议制度,是我国根本的政治制度,不断完善人民代表大会制度,是我国社会主义政治文明建设的应有之义。当前,我们要将政治文化变革作为推动我国政治制度不断完善的先导,并在当前的国情下,不断增加参与型政治文化的变量,使得社会主义政治文明建设得以顺利进行。
[Abstract]:Democracy is the basic value of civilized society, the great achievement of modern political civilization, and the political philosophy of different countries and ideologies. Nowadays, the pursuit of democracy has become the consensus of governments and people all over the world. Democracy is not only a system but also a culture. The realization of democracy requires the harmonious unity of democratic system and democratic culture. From the perspective of political culture, this paper makes a systematic study on the establishment, operation and failure of the representative system in the early Republic of China. Finally, it puts forward its own views on the development of democratic politics and the construction of socialist political civilization. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the western powers opened the door of old China by virtue of their strong guns, and then poured into the country, in addition to a large number of goods, there was also a wealth of culture. After recognizing the nature of government corruption and incompetence, the broad masses of benevolent people began to accept the advanced culture of the West-the participating political culture-and looked for ways to save the country from the enemy. The emergence and development of participating political culture in modern China not only made the Chinese people enlighten ideologically, but also promoted the fall of feudal autocratic monarchy and the establishment of representative democracy. After the establishment of representative system in modern China, its operation and development are far away from the expectations of the Chinese people. The autocratic monarchy system overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 only destroyed the "form" of the feudal political system, but the "god" of the feudal political system, which lasted for thousands of years in China, was still strong. The participating political culture not only did not become the mainstream political culture of the early Republic of China because of the establishment of the representative system, but also was dissimilated in the confrontation with the dependent political culture. The abnormal political culture finally decided that the representative system in the early Republic of China could only be a flash in the pan. Looking back on the agitation of the early Republic of China, we can see the healthy operation of the representative system, and we must have the benign interaction of the participating political culture in accordance with the fact that the ancient times are taken as the mirror, and we look back at the agitation of the early Republic of China. The socialist people's Congress system is a new type of representative system and the fundamental political system of our country. It is the proper meaning of the construction of socialist political civilization to constantly improve the people's Congress system. At present, we should take the political and cultural reform as the forerunner to promote the continuous improvement of the political system of our country, and under the current national conditions, constantly increase the variables of the participating political culture, so that the construction of socialist political civilization can proceed smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D691;K257

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