中国国民党江西省干部训练研究：1932-1949

发布时间：2019-06-10 03:52

【摘要】：国民党江西省的干部训练是国民党整体干训工作的重要组成部分,江西省训练团是省政府进行干训的主要机构。江西省的干训,是在国民党的干训政策、蒋介石的干训思想以及国民党的整体干训氛围影响之下,结合省内的具体情况展开的。江西省的干训从1932年开始至1949年结束,历经四个阶段。县政研究会和县政训练所时期,各方面很不完善,但该阶段的干训在“协剿”方面发挥了一定效用,搭建了干训机构的基本架构。政治讲习院时期的训练重心转向区乡镇干部,组织结构、训练规模、训练内容、训练措施比之前有较大进展。地方行政干部训练团时期,无论从组织健全程度,还是从训练规模、正规化程度等方面来看,都是干训最繁盛的阶段。江西省训练团时期,由于机构的调整与裁撤、国民党的迅速溃败等原因,效果不可与之前同日而语,但转业军官训练是一个亮点。省训团的组织结构经过一个逐渐演变的过程,但机构设置与机构职责保持了相对的稳定,特别是从政讲院开始变化不大。省训团在发展变迁历程中,逐渐形成—整套教职员的选拔任用和考核制度,建立了一支相对稳定的教职员队伍,而且队伍的整体素质比较高。干训科目包括共同科目和专业科目,各个班(组)的共同科目大致相同,专业科目则和各班(组)受训学员的实际工作相联系。这种课程设置从总体上来分析与干训目标相匹配,但有些课程与学员的实际工作联系不紧密。而且,单科训练时间过短,使得学员不能对课程很好掌握。训练的教材,主要包括孙中山和蒋介石的思想言论、基本政治理论和国民党现行政策、中国历史地理、国民党历史以及传统知识和传统道德、党务、行政工作的实际应用技术等。此外,省训团和各县市训练机构还编辑了部分省情和县情教材。江西省对受训学员的选拔、训练、考核以及服务指导进行了全方位的设计。在选拔方面,江西省制订了严密的选拔程序,但对于学员的思想意识难以考察。对学员的训练,是以课堂讲授为基础,以训育、军事训练和军事化管理为重点,同时辅之于各种社团活动。这些措施有一定的合理性,但也存在一些问题,最突出的就是以军训的方式来对党政干部进行训练,没有考虑到党政干部的特殊性。江西省对学员的考核制订了详细的标准,但是考核方式存在机械、呆板、不能与人事行政相联系的弊端。对学员结业后进行服务指导具有良好的设计意愿,但学员对于无职无权的干训机构缺乏敬畏,因而敷衍了事,造成跟踪辅导流于形式。省训团在其发展历程中,与境内的其他干训机构之间存在着复杂的关系。省训团和庐山军官训练团同作为国民党的干训机构,从历史渊源、训练模式和内容、时代背景、战略任务等方面存在一定的关联。但二者在举办主体、训练对象、具体训练目标、训练方式上存在着较大差异。蒋经国主办的青干班,名义上附属于省训团,但实际是蒋氏的“独立王国”。至于江西各地的训练机构,从组织体系上说隶属于省训团,但象征意义多于实际意义,省训团更多的是对其进行业务指导。本文认为,以省训团为核心的江西省干训实践,取得了一定成效,也存在一些不足。它增强了学员的国家认同感和民族认同感,一定程度上提高了学员的理论水平和实际工作能力,推动了“三保”政策的实施,促进了民众组训与抗战动员工作的开展,加强了学员之间的沟通和交流,提供了干部考察和干部晋升的平台,强化了省政府对各地的了解与监控。但江西省的干训从总体来看是失败的,它没有从根本上提高干部的素质特别是精神素质,没有从根本上实现强化党组织的内聚力和扩大党务的目的。造成干训效果不佳的原因,既存在于训练本身,也存在于国民党江西省和整个国民党的深层次弊端。训练本身存在学员规避训练、单科训练时间太短、训练的方式方法存在弊端、考核标准与方式不科学、受训成绩的运用不够、讲师素质参差不齐、结业后的辅导工作有名无实等问题。但效果不佳的根源在于国民党的意识形态、制度规范、干部政策、组织结构、廉政建设、教育文化发展水平和干部素养、经济发展程度和干训经费等因素。
[Abstract]:The training of the cadres in Jiangxi Province is an important part of the overall dry training of the Kuomintang, and the training group in Jiangxi Province is the main body of the provincial government to carry out the training. The dry training in Jiangxi province is under the influence of the Kuomintang's dry-training policy, the dry-training thought of Chiang Kai-shek and the overall dry-training atmosphere of the Kuomintang, and is carried out in the light of the specific situation in the province. The dry training of Jiangxi province, from 1932 to the end of 1949, went through four During the period of the county and county administration and the training of the county and government, the various aspects are not perfect, but the training in this stage has played a certain role in the "encirclement and suppression", and the basic structure of the dry training institution is set up Structure: The training center of the political lecture hall is the focus of the training center of the steering area, the structure of the organization, the training scale, the training content, the training measure is larger than before. In that period of the training mission of local administrative cadres, it is the most prosperous of the dry training, either from the sound level of the organization or from the training scale and the degree of normalization. in that period of the training mission in Jiangxi province, due to the adjustment and abolishment of the institution, the rapid rout of the Kuomintang and other reasons, the effect cannot be written in the same day as before, but the training of the transfer officer is one The organizational structure of the provincial training group has undergone a gradual process, but the establishment of the institution and the institutional responsibilities have kept the relative stability, in particular from the administration. In the course of the development, the provincial training group gradually formed the selection and appointment and assessment system of the whole set of staff, and established a relatively stable staff team, and the whole team The quality is relatively high. The subjects of the dry training include common subjects and professional subjects. The common subjects of each class (group) are the same. The specialized subjects and the trainees of each class (group) The actual work of the course is related to the actual work. This kind of course is set up as a whole to match the target of the dry training, but some of the course and the student's actual situation The inter-family connection is not tight. Also, the single-family training time is too short, so that the participants do not The training materials, including Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek's thoughts, the basic political theory and the Kuomintang's current policy, the Chinese historical geography, the history of the Kuomintang and the traditional knowledge and the traditional morality, the party affairs and the administrative work In addition, the provincial training institutes and the county and city training institutions have also edited the Ministry of Education The selection, training, examination and service of the trainees in Jiangxi Province The guidance has been designed in an all-round way. In terms of selection, the Jiangxi Province has set up a rigorous selection procedure, but for the The students' ideological consciousness is hard to investigate. The training of the students is based on the teaching of the class, with the emphasis on training, military training and the management of the militarization. At the same time, it is complementary to various social activities. These measures are reasonable, but there are some problems. The most prominent is to train the party and government cadres in the form of military training. In view of the particularity of the party and government cadres, the examination of the students in Jiangxi Province has set a detailed standard, but the examination method has the mechanical and rigid plates, and cannot Disadvantages associated with the administration of personnel. Service guidance after the course of the student's junction has a good design will, but the trainees have a lack of respect for the non-professional dry-training institutions, and they have to do so. In that course of its development, other than in the country. There is a complex relationship among the dry training institutes. The training groups of the provincial and the Lushan Military Officers have the same as the dry training institutions of the Kuomintang, from the historical origin, the training mode and the content and the background. There is a certain association between the strategic task and so on, but the two are in the main body, the training object, the specific training order There is a great difference in the style of training and training. The green and dry class, which is sponsored by Jiang Jing-guo, is attached to the provincial training group in the name, but actually is the "the" the independent of Jiang's" As for the training institutions in various parts of Jiangxi, it is subordinate to the provincial training group from the organizational system, but the symbolic meaning is more than the actual meaning, and the province In this paper, the training of Jiangxi province, which is the core of the provincial training group, is regarded as the core of this paper. In addition, some achievements have been made, and there are some shortcomings. It enhances the national identity and the national identity of the students, and has improved the theoretical level and practical working ability of the students to a certain extent, and promoted the implementation of the "Sanbao" policy and promoted the mobilization of the people's training and the anti-Japanese war. The development of the students has strengthened the communication and exchange among the students, and provided the level of the cadre investigation and the promotion of the cadres. Taiwan has strengthened the provincial government's understanding and monitoring of all over the country. But the dry training of Jiangxi Province has failed in general, and it does not fundamentally improve the quality of the cadres, especially the spiritual quality, and is not fundamentally realized To strengthen the cohesion of the Party organization and to expand the purpose of the Party affairs. The cause of the poor training effect is not only in the training itself but also in the country. In Jiangxi Province and the whole Kuomintang, there is a deep-seated disadvantage of the whole Kuomintang. The training itself is the student's evasive training. The training time of the single section is too short. The training method has the disadvantages, the examination standard and the way are not scientific, the training result is not used enough, the quality of the lecturer does not The cause of the poor effect is that the ideology, the system of the Kuomintang, the policy of the cadres, the structure of the organization, the construction of the clean government, the level of education and the development of the education and the cadres
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K262.9

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