甲午战争暨《马关条约》与中外条约关系的变化

发布时间：2019-06-22 18:30

【摘要】：中日甲午战争暨《马关条约》开启了中外条约关系的新阶段,是中国近代历史进程的重要转折点。西方列强通过鸦片战争在华建立了不平等条约关系,中国出现与朝贡关系并存的双重国际秩序格局。此后,这一双重格局被打破,朝贡关系完全被条约关系所取代。清政府并不自甘放弃独立主权地位,在力所能及的情况下,尝试建立平等关系。这一趋向亦在甲午后被打断,中国成了东西列强共同压迫的对象,在更完整的意义上构建了不平等条约关系。甲午战争恰逢自由资本主义向垄断资本主义即帝国主义过渡时期,条约关系因此有了新的发展,增添了体现这一变化的新特权内容。战争充分暴露出清政府的衰弱,以及列强无视中国的霸道行径,对条约关系的发展产生了重要影响,既刺激了列强扩展在华权益的野心,又加深了这一不平等关系的危机。
[Abstract]:The Sino-Japanese War of Japan and the Treaty of Malaysia opened a new stage of Sino-foreign treaty relations and was an important turning point in the process of modern Chinese history. Western powers established unequal treaty relations in China through the Opium War, and the dual international order pattern of coexistence with tributary relations appeared in China. Since then, this dual pattern has been broken, tributary relations have been completely replaced by treaty relations. The Qing government was not willing to give up its independent sovereign status and tried to establish equal relations within its means. This trend was also interrupted after noon, and China became the object of common oppression by the East and West powers, and constructed unequal treaty relations in a more complete sense. The Sino-Japanese War coincided with the transition from free capitalism to monopoly capitalism, that is, imperialism. As a result, the treaty relationship had a new development and added a new privilege content reflecting this change. The war fully exposed the weakness of the Qing government and the defiance of China's hegemonic behavior by the great powers, which had an important impact on the development of treaty relations, which not only stimulated the ambition of the great powers to expand their rights and interests in China, but also deepened the crisis of this unequal relationship.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“近代中外条约关系通史”(14ZDB045)的阶段成果
【分类号】：K256.3

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