南京国民政府前十年（1927-1937年）河北地区灾荒与救助评述

发布时间：2019-06-24 22:52

【摘要】：自古以来，河北地区的自然灾害就十分频繁。南京国民政府成立之后的前十年，灾情依旧不断加剧，，呈现出频发性、多样性、群发性等特点，较之前的时期更为严重，给人民的生活和财产都造成了极大的损失。深究其原因，除了自然条件与自然环境外，还与政局动荡、经济水平低、战争频繁等社会因素有着必然的联系。严重的灾害，不仅造成大量劳动力的流离和伤亡，而且对农村经济产生了极大的破坏，最终导致财产损失、经济衰退，甚至扰乱了文化教育事业的正常发展。对灾民而言，不论是身体上还是心理上都是沉重的打击。面对严重的灾荒，南京国民政府采取了一系列相应的赈灾举措，不论是重视程度，还是防灾救灾的过程，较之前的时期都有了很大的进步，设立了专门的救灾机构，出台了一系列的救灾法规。防灾方面，政府加强了水利工程的建设和整修。救灾方面，南京政府也采取了相应的措施，包括急赈、农赈、减免赋税、以工代赈等。从而建立起了相对完善的现代救灾制度。民间组织与社会慈善团体在救灾过程中结合了西方的创新型救灾模式，采取“防救并重”的方式，帮助灾民恢复生产。这在一定程度上不仅缓解了灾情，也对现代化的救灾进程起到了推动作用。对南京国民政府前十年河北灾荒与救助的评述，最主要的目的就是以史为鉴，进一步改革和完善我国现行的救灾制度和救灾体系，强化政府的救灾力量，引导、扶持非政府组织的社会力量参与到救灾工作中，使其适应社会发展的潮流；建立高效准确的灾情评估体系，达到提高救灾效率的目的；广泛普及灾害群测群防和自救互救知识，增强全社会对自然灾害的防范意识，做到标本兼治，防患于未然。
[Abstract]:The natural disasters in the north of the river have been very frequent since ancient times. The first ten years after the establishment of the National Government of Nanjing, the situation of the disaster is still increasing, showing the characteristics of frequency, diversity, group-sending and so on, which is more serious than the previous period, which has caused great loss to the people's life and property. The deep reason, in addition to the natural conditions and the natural environment, also has the inevitable contact with social factors such as political instability, low economic level and frequent war. The serious disaster not only caused a large amount of labor force and casualties, but also caused great damage to the rural economy, resulting in the property loss, the economic recession and even the normal development of the cultural and cultural education. It is a heavy blow to the victims, both physically and psychologically. In the face of the severe famine, the Nanjing National Government has taken a series of corresponding relief measures, whether it is attached to the degree of attention or the process of disaster prevention and relief, and has made great progress in the earlier period, and a special disaster relief agency has been set up, and a series of disaster relief regulations have been put in place. In the area of disaster prevention, the government has strengthened the construction and renovation of water conservancy projects. In the field of disaster relief, the nanjing government has also taken corresponding measures, including the rush, the agriculture, the tax relief, the work agent, and so on. So as to establish a relatively perfect modern disaster relief system. In the course of disaster relief, the civil society and the social charity group have combined the western innovative disaster relief mode and adopted the "Anti-rescue and equal attention" to help the victims to resume production. This has not only alleviated the disaster, but also contributed to the modernization of the disaster relief process. The main purpose of this review is to further reform and improve the current disaster relief system and the disaster relief system in our country, and to strengthen the government's disaster relief force and lead the disaster relief system in the first ten years of the Nanjing National Government. To guide and support the social forces of non-governmental organizations to participate in the disaster relief work so as to adapt them to the trend of social development; to establish an efficient and accurate disaster assessment system to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of disaster relief; and to spread the disaster group to the prevention and self-rescue and mutual rescue. To recognize and enhance the awareness of the whole society in the prevention of natural disasters, to treat both the symptoms and root causes, and to prevent the disease from being affected
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X43;K263;D693.66

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