林则徐民众动员思想的发展历程及其社会实践活动
发布时间：2019-06-26 07:42
【摘要】：1785年8月30日,林则徐出生于福建候官(今福州市)的一个下层封建知识分子的家庭里。 1820年4月,林则徐外放浙江杭嘉湖道。从此,他就开始大刀阔斧地实展其兴利除弊,匡时济世的伟大抱负。尤其难能可贵的是,作为封建时代的一名地方大员,他不仅深刻地认识到民众的伟大力量,而且他还时刻注意动员民众,去战胜频繁暴发的自然灾害,去反击穷凶极恶的英国侵略者。 无论在哪里做官,林则徐总是为官一地,造福一方,踏踏实实地为当地的老百姓排忧解难。所以,不论是大江南北,还是黄河两岸,也不论是东海之滨,还是西北边塞,到处都留下了他勤政为民的足迹。 1820年4月23日,在陈若霖的支持下,林则徐督修浙江海塘获得成功,并因此而赢得了道光帝的当面嘉奖。1824年11月初,高家堰溃坝,洪泽湖外泄,进而又殃及到漕运,道光帝为之震怒不已。林则徐临危受命,他身穿孝服,星夜赶到了工地,并且很快就将决口堵住。 1832年2月,林则徐调任江苏巡抚。在苏地的五年任期里,林则徐更是大办水利,他先后主持兴办了浏河、白茆河、皮大河等几十处水利工程。同时,在林则徐的倡导和批准下,江南、江北各地还陆续兴办了一些规模较小的水利工程,而且有的工程,还是林则徐亲临现场视察后才决定批准兴修的。毫无疑问,这一系列水利工程的实施对于恢复江南农村经济,功不可没。 1841年8月2日,黄河从开封西北冲破堤坝,滚滚洪流,一泻千里。大灾面前,道光帝不得不命令林则徐戴罪立功,前往祥符工地辅助王鼎主持治水工作。林则徐顾不得自己年迈多病,克服了种种难以想象的困难,终于胜利地完成了堵口工程。 1842年12月10日,林则徐被贬来到了西北边疆的伊犁惠远城。他决定在自己风烛残年之际,抓紧时间为边疆人民多做点贡献。因此,尽管年迈多病,他仍然满腔热忱地向布彦泰提出认捐阿齐乌苏垦地的要求,并得到了对方的大力支持。后来,为了解决那里的水源问题,林则徐又亲自率领民工去挑沙挖石,修堤筑坝。经过四个月的艰苦努力,他们硬是在那不毛之地上修成了一条长3000多米,宽10多米的大水渠。 在各地治水的同时,林则徐还积极发动社会各界,一起来参加赈灾工作,力争把自然灾害的影响降到最低程度,迅速恢复当地的生产和生活秩序。同时,林则徐又采取“以工代赈”的办法,帮助灾民共渡时艰。此外,他还动员灾民积极开展生产自救,尽快恢复和发展农业生产。 这一时期,由于清政府对于是否禁烟还没有一个明确的态度,所以鸦片顷刻间便席卷了神州大地。严禁鸦片,根除烟毒,已经到了刻不容缓的地步了。面对烟毒泛滥,林则徐坚决采取严禁措施,而且他还接连四次上书道光帝,以有力的论据促使道光帝最终决定采取严禁措施,从而使禁烟运动得以在全国范围内轰轰烈烈地全面展开。 1838年12月31日,道光帝又正式任命林则徐为钦差大臣,并节制广东水师,令他去广东查办海口事件。1839年6月3日,林则徐率领广州军民在虎门海滩上将收缴上来的237万余斤鸦片全部销毁。虎门销烟,把禁烟运动推向了最高潮,它向全世界显示了中国人民抗击外来侵略的信心和决心。 通过禁烟斗争的实践活动,林则徐深刻感受到了民众的伟大力量,他坚信广东人民是一支真正可以利用和依靠的反侵略的力量。而且,随着反侵略斗争的深入进行,他还日益认识到“民心可用”、“民力可恃”。他认为只要信民心,用民力,就一定可以将英国侵略者赶出国门。所以,他不但倡导民向自行组织团练,而且还大力宣传官府的立功奖励政策,号召人民同仇敌忾,奋勇杀敌。这些举措充分显示了林则徐依靠民众反对外来侵略者的坚定决心。 林则徐一生从政40年,历官13省,堪称是一个功勋卓著的地主阶级改革派的代表人物。不管是与自然灾害作斗争,还是反抗侵略者的武装入侵,他都积极发动民众,去争取斗争的最后胜利。同时,他还主张学习西方方,“师夷长技以制夷”,真不愧是近代中国开眼看世界的第一人！
[Abstract]:On August 30,1785, Lin Zexu was born in the family of a lower-level feudal intellectual in the Fujian terminal (present in Fuzhou). In April,1820, Lin Zexu out of Zhejiang Hangjiahu. From then on, he began to show its advantages and disadvantages, and to the great hold of the world. In particular, as a local man of the feudal age, he was not only deeply aware of the great power of the people, but also at the moment of the mobilization of the population to combat the frequent outbreaks of natural disasters and to counter the vicious British aggression ---------------------------------------------------------- It is hard to worry. So, whether in the north or the south of the Yellow River or on both sides of the Yellow River, whether it is the shore of the east sea or the west side of the Yellow River, he has left him for the people to work for the people On April 23,1820, under the support of Chen Ruolin, Lin Zexu, with the support of Chen Ruolin, has won the success of the Zhejiang Haitang, and therefore won the face-to-face award of the Emperor. In early November,1824, the dam-break of the high-house weir, the leakage of the Hongze Lake, and the arrival of the Emperor, and the Emperor of the Emperor He was so angry that Lin Zexu was in danger, and he was dressed in a mourning suit, and the night of the stars came to the construction site and was soon It's going to be blocked. In February,1832, the forest Xu was the governor of Jiangsu Province. In the five-year term of the land, Lin Zexu was a great water conservancy, and he presided over the river, the white river, the big river and so on. There are dozens of water conservancy projects. At the same time, under the promotion and approval of Lin Zexu, some smaller water conservancy projects have been set up in the areas of the south and the north of Jiangbei. The decision is to be approved. There is no doubt that the implementation of the series of water projects is crucial to the restoration of the rural areas of the South The economy, the work is unstoppable. On August 2,1841, the Yellow River broke the dam from the northwest of Kaifeng, In front of the disaster, Emperor Daoguang had to order Lin Zexu to put on the work of the crime, and went to the site of the auspicious symbol. To help Wang Ding to take charge of the work of the water, Lin Zexu can't take care of his old age and overcome all the unimaginable difficulties and finally win. In the end of December 10,1842, Lin Zexu was brought to the end. The Ili of the northwest frontier. He decided to hurry when he was in the air of the year. in spite of that old man's illness, he is still full of enthusiasm to make a pledge to Mr. Buyantai to make a pledge to the land of Azzuusu, Then, in order to solve the water problem there, Lin Zexu personally led the people After four months of hard work, their hard work was to build a long, more than 3,000 a long A large water channel with a width of more than 10 meters. In the meantime, Lin Zexu, at the same time, actively launches all sectors of society to join in the disaster relief work, and strives to minimize the impact of natural disasters. At the same time, Lin Zexu also took the "to take a job as a subtest for work" 【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K253
本文编号：2506033
[Abstract]:On August 30,1785, Lin Zexu was born in the family of a lower-level feudal intellectual in the Fujian terminal (present in Fuzhou). In April,1820, Lin Zexu out of Zhejiang Hangjiahu. From then on, he began to show its advantages and disadvantages, and to the great hold of the world. In particular, as a local man of the feudal age, he was not only deeply aware of the great power of the people, but also at the moment of the mobilization of the population to combat the frequent outbreaks of natural disasters and to counter the vicious British aggression ---------------------------------------------------------- It is hard to worry. So, whether in the north or the south of the Yellow River or on both sides of the Yellow River, whether it is the shore of the east sea or the west side of the Yellow River, he has left him for the people to work for the people On April 23,1820, under the support of Chen Ruolin, Lin Zexu, with the support of Chen Ruolin, has won the success of the Zhejiang Haitang, and therefore won the face-to-face award of the Emperor. In early November,1824, the dam-break of the high-house weir, the leakage of the Hongze Lake, and the arrival of the Emperor, and the Emperor of the Emperor He was so angry that Lin Zexu was in danger, and he was dressed in a mourning suit, and the night of the stars came to the construction site and was soon It's going to be blocked. In February,1832, the forest Xu was the governor of Jiangsu Province. In the five-year term of the land, Lin Zexu was a great water conservancy, and he presided over the river, the white river, the big river and so on. There are dozens of water conservancy projects. At the same time, under the promotion and approval of Lin Zexu, some smaller water conservancy projects have been set up in the areas of the south and the north of Jiangbei. The decision is to be approved. There is no doubt that the implementation of the series of water projects is crucial to the restoration of the rural areas of the South The economy, the work is unstoppable. On August 2,1841, the Yellow River broke the dam from the northwest of Kaifeng, In front of the disaster, Emperor Daoguang had to order Lin Zexu to put on the work of the crime, and went to the site of the auspicious symbol. To help Wang Ding to take charge of the work of the water, Lin Zexu can't take care of his old age and overcome all the unimaginable difficulties and finally win. In the end of December 10,1842, Lin Zexu was brought to the end. The Ili of the northwest frontier. He decided to hurry when he was in the air of the year. in spite of that old man's illness, he is still full of enthusiasm to make a pledge to Mr. Buyantai to make a pledge to the land of Azzuusu, Then, in order to solve the water problem there, Lin Zexu personally led the people After four months of hard work, their hard work was to build a long, more than 3,000 a long A large water channel with a width of more than 10 meters. In the meantime, Lin Zexu, at the same time, actively launches all sectors of society to join in the disaster relief work, and strives to minimize the impact of natural disasters. At the same time, Lin Zexu also took the "to take a job as a subtest for work" 【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K253
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