民国时期政府对成都报业的管理（1935-1945）
发布时间：2019-06-26 14:15
【摘要】：四川僻处西南内陆,交通迟滞,风化不开,经济相对其它沿海地区较为落后,也正是由于这些原因,成都的报业直到辛亥革命时期,才迎来第一个“高潮”,相较东部沿海地区,报业发展较晚,五四运动迎来了第二个发展“高潮”,内容也以最初的消闲娱乐等逐步向时政和思想文化方面转变,在抗战期间更为明显,不少报纸内迁成都,全国文化名人荟萃,报纸和文艺活动空前繁荣。在抗日战争中,四川为抗战的胜利做出了巨大的贡献,成都报业对民众的宣传与鼓舞功不可没。本文概括地叙述了1898—1945年成都报业的生存环境、办报条件、办报经费、办报时间、内容变化以及报纸的政治背景等,并列举了各时期较为重要的报纸。同时较为详细地介绍了抗战前政府对成都报业的管理,其主要包括报纸内容的审查、颁布相关法律等。着重介绍了抗战时期政府对成都民营报业、官办报业和中共领导下的报纸的管理。政府对民营报业的管理方式主要有管理舆论和管理办报人员两项,其中加强舆论管理是各时期管理者强调的重点,后来把对办报人员的管理也纳入舆论管理中;管理办法主要有定行法令、登记发证和审查稿件三项。此外,四川省政府专门成立了四川政闻编审委员会和四川省秘书处政闻编译室来管理官办报业,定期发行《四川省政府公报》,向民众展示政府的工作、资金预算等,便于民众及时了解政府动态。管理中共领导下的报纸,除了制定法令、登记发证和审查稿件三项,对于言论激进的报社,还会查封报社或处罚、逮捕报社人员。最后,笔者运用现代新闻传播理论,从新闻管理的对象、原则、方法和意义四个方面,对抗战时期政府通过对媒体的管理,引导社会舆论、实施社会控制和维护政府形象的历史事实进行了分析。纵观政府对报社管理,有许多经验值得汲取,最重要的是正确引导舆论,把握舆论导向,掌握舆论工作的主动权,重视对社会热点问题、民生问题的报道。在抗日战争这个特殊的年代,政府引导下的新闻媒体的社会守望功能较弱,媒体更多的是被作为宣传工具,而政府没有和媒体建立起监管与被监管的关系,未能利用报社对社会舆论的影响,与民众建立良好的关系,赢得民众的支持与信任,同时国民党的独裁统治还严重打压了进步势力的舆论宣传工作。
[Abstract]:Because of these reasons, Chengdu's newspaper industry did not usher in its first "climax" until the Revolution of 1911. Compared with the eastern coastal areas, the newspaper industry developed later, the May 4th Movement ushered in the second "climax", and the content gradually changed to the current politics and ideology and culture with the initial leisure and entertainment. During the War of Resistance against Japan, many newspapers moved to Chengdu, a gathering of national cultural celebrities, and unprecedented prosperity of newspapers and literary and artistic activities. In the War of Resistance against Japan, Sichuan made great contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, and Chengdu newspaper industry contributed to the propaganda and encouragement of the people. This paper briefly describes the living environment, conditions, funds, time, content change and political background of Chengdu newspaper industry from 1898 to 1945, and enumerates the more important newspapers in each period. At the same time, this paper introduces in detail the government's management of Chengdu newspaper industry before the War of Resistance against Japan, which mainly includes the examination of newspaper content, the promulgation of relevant laws and so on. This paper mainly introduces the government's management of Chengdu private newspaper industry, official newspaper industry and newspapers under the leadership of the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance against Japan. There are two main management methods of the government to the private newspaper industry: the management of public opinion and the management of newspaper operators, among which strengthening the management of public opinion is the key point emphasized by the managers in each period, and later the management of the newspaper operators is also brought into the management of public opinion. In addition, the Sichuan provincial government has specially set up the Sichuan political News Editing and Review Committee and the Sichuan Secretariat political News compilation Office to manage the official newspaper industry, issue the Sichuan Provincial official Bulletin regularly, show the public the work of the government, funds and budgets, and so on, so that the public can keep abreast of the government's developments. In managing newspapers under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, in addition to making decrees, registering certificates and examining manuscripts, newspapers with radical statements will also be closed up or punished, and newspaper personnel will be arrested. Finally, based on the theory of modern news communication, the author analyzes the historical facts of the government through the management of the media, guiding public opinion, implementing social control and maintaining the image of the government during the War of Resistance against Japan from four aspects: the object, principle, method and significance of news management. Throughout the government's management of newspapers, there are many experiences worth learning from. The most important thing is to correctly guide public opinion, grasp the orientation of public opinion, master the initiative of public opinion work, and attach importance to reporting on hot social issues and people's livelihood issues. In the special era of the War of Resistance against Japan, the social watch function of the news media guided by the government was relatively weak, and the media was more used as a propaganda tool, but the government did not establish a relationship between supervision and supervision with the media, failed to make use of the influence of newspapers on public opinion, established good relations with the people, and won the support and trust of the people. At the same time, the dictatorship of the Kuomintang also seriously suppressed the propaganda work of the progressive forces.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G219.29;K26
本文编号：2506245
[Abstract]:Because of these reasons, Chengdu's newspaper industry did not usher in its first "climax" until the Revolution of 1911. Compared with the eastern coastal areas, the newspaper industry developed later, the May 4th Movement ushered in the second "climax", and the content gradually changed to the current politics and ideology and culture with the initial leisure and entertainment. During the War of Resistance against Japan, many newspapers moved to Chengdu, a gathering of national cultural celebrities, and unprecedented prosperity of newspapers and literary and artistic activities. In the War of Resistance against Japan, Sichuan made great contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, and Chengdu newspaper industry contributed to the propaganda and encouragement of the people. This paper briefly describes the living environment, conditions, funds, time, content change and political background of Chengdu newspaper industry from 1898 to 1945, and enumerates the more important newspapers in each period. At the same time, this paper introduces in detail the government's management of Chengdu newspaper industry before the War of Resistance against Japan, which mainly includes the examination of newspaper content, the promulgation of relevant laws and so on. This paper mainly introduces the government's management of Chengdu private newspaper industry, official newspaper industry and newspapers under the leadership of the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance against Japan. There are two main management methods of the government to the private newspaper industry: the management of public opinion and the management of newspaper operators, among which strengthening the management of public opinion is the key point emphasized by the managers in each period, and later the management of the newspaper operators is also brought into the management of public opinion. In addition, the Sichuan provincial government has specially set up the Sichuan political News Editing and Review Committee and the Sichuan Secretariat political News compilation Office to manage the official newspaper industry, issue the Sichuan Provincial official Bulletin regularly, show the public the work of the government, funds and budgets, and so on, so that the public can keep abreast of the government's developments. In managing newspapers under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, in addition to making decrees, registering certificates and examining manuscripts, newspapers with radical statements will also be closed up or punished, and newspaper personnel will be arrested. Finally, based on the theory of modern news communication, the author analyzes the historical facts of the government through the management of the media, guiding public opinion, implementing social control and maintaining the image of the government during the War of Resistance against Japan from four aspects: the object, principle, method and significance of news management. Throughout the government's management of newspapers, there are many experiences worth learning from. The most important thing is to correctly guide public opinion, grasp the orientation of public opinion, master the initiative of public opinion work, and attach importance to reporting on hot social issues and people's livelihood issues. In the special era of the War of Resistance against Japan, the social watch function of the news media guided by the government was relatively weak, and the media was more used as a propaganda tool, but the government did not establish a relationship between supervision and supervision with the media, failed to make use of the influence of newspapers on public opinion, established good relations with the people, and won the support and trust of the people. At the same time, the dictatorship of the Kuomintang also seriously suppressed the propaganda work of the progressive forces.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G219.29;K26
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 瞿巍;;抗战时期四川的图书杂志审查[J];中国出版;2013年04期
，本文编号：2506245
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