清政府引导朝鲜开港策略研究

发布时间：2019-07-09 08:10

【摘要】： 本文以清政府引导朝鲜开港的整个进程为研究对象,集中论述了清政府、李鸿章在促成《朝美修好通商条约》的签订过程中的活动和所起的作用。十九世纪七、八十年代,日本、俄国加紧了对朝鲜的侵略和渗透活动。作为朝鲜的宗主国,清政府对朝鲜所奉行的传统“不治”政策已难以适应时代的发展。因此,北洋大臣李鸿章建议将西方列强的势力引入朝鲜,以遏制日、俄的侵略,从而达到“以夷制夷”的目的。在征得清政府的同意下,李鸿章开启了与朝鲜太师李裕元的“热线联系”,劝导朝鲜与列强立约通商。然而,朝鲜方面拒绝了李鸿章的建议,仍坚持闭关锁国的政策。随着国际形势的变化,朝鲜国王高宗李熙在世界近代化潮流的的驱使下和《朝鲜策略》的影响下决议开港。然而,高宗此举遭朝鲜国内保守势力的反对,开港阻力极大。在这种情况下,高宗只好向清政府求援,并多次派代表赴华与李鸿章商议开港事宜,李鸿章则在开港的具体问题上给予切实的指导。1882年,李鸿章以中国与列强签定的条约为借鉴同美使薛斐尔进行预备性谈判,并尽力为朝鲜争取权益,最终促使《朝美修好通商条约》的签订和朝鲜全面开港。虽然清政府的这种引导行为在很大程度上侵害了朝鲜的外交主权,但同时也有利于朝鲜打破封闭落后的局面,推进了朝鲜近代化的进程。论文由绪论、本论和结语三部分组成。绪论主要介绍了本课题的来源、选题的依据以及选题的目的和意义。同时,本部分还对晚清中朝关系方面的学术史进行简要回顾,并对研究动态进行简要阐述。本论由三章组成。第一章主要分析开港前朝鲜国内外形势,论述传统中朝宗藩关系的特点和清政府对朝鲜的“不治”政策。通过朝鲜与法国、美国和日本的武装冲突来说明朝鲜所面临着严峻的国际形势。第二章主要论述了在相对复杂的东北亚国际形势下,李鸿章和中国驻日公使馆人员在劝导朝鲜开港上所作的努力。朝鲜政府决议开港后,李鸿章在具体事宜上给予指导,帮助朝鲜拟定朝美约稿,并在约稿内容上同朝鲜达成一致。第三章主要阐述李鸿章与薛斐尔针对朝美立约问题进行谈判,促成《朝美修好通商条约》的签订和朝鲜全面开港。同时对条约的内容进行剖析,分析各条款对朝鲜的利弊。结语部分对清政府引导朝鲜开港的进程进行简要回顾,并对李鸿章在朝美议约中的角色以及清政府在朝鲜开港进程中的作用进行分析。
[Abstract]:Taking the whole process of the Qing government guiding the Korean port as the research object, this paper focuses on the activities and functions of the Qing government and Li Hongzhang in the process of promoting the signing of the Treaty of Commerce between the DPRK and the United States. In the nineteen seventh and 1980 s, Japan and Russia intensified their aggression and infiltration of North Korea. As the sovereign state of North Korea, the traditional policy of "no governance" pursued by the Qing government towards North Korea has been difficult to adapt to the development of the times. Therefore, Northern Minister Li Hongzhang suggested introducing the forces of western powers into North Korea in order to curb Japanese and Russian aggression, so as to achieve the purpose of "razing and razing". With the consent of the Qing government, Li Hongzhang opened a "hotline" with Li Yuyuan, North Korea's Taishi, to persuade North Korea to enter into treaties with the great powers. However, North Korea rejected Li Hongzhang's proposal and stuck to the policy of locking up the country. With the change of the international situation, Kao Zong Lee Xi, king of North Korea, decided to open Hong Kong under the influence of the modernization trend of the world and the Korean Strategy. However, Gao Zong's move was opposed by conservative forces in North Korea, and there was great resistance to opening Hong Kong. Under such circumstances, Gao Zong had to ask the Qing government for help, and repeatedly sent representatives to China to discuss the opening of Hong Kong with Li Hongzhang, while Li Hongzhang gave practical guidance on the specific issues of opening Hong Kong. In 1882, Li Hongzhang used the treaty signed by China and the great powers as a reference for preparatory negotiations with the United States envoy Xue Fei, and tried his best to fight for the rights and interests of the DPRK, finally promoting the signing of the Treaty of Commerce between the DPRK and the United States and the full opening of the DPRK to Hong Kong. Although the guiding behavior of the Qing government infringed on the diplomatic sovereignty of North Korea to a great extent, it was also helpful for North Korea to break the situation of closure and backwardness and promote the process of modernization of North Korea. The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, this theory and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the source of this topic, the basis of the topic and the purpose and significance of the topic. At the same time, this part also makes a brief review of the academic history of Sino-Korean relations in the late Qing Dynasty, and briefly expounds the research trends. This theory consists of three chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the situation at home and abroad in North Korea before the opening of Hong Kong, and discusses the characteristics of the traditional Sino-Korean Suzerain-vassal relationship and the Qing government's "incurable" policy towards Korea. The armed conflicts between North Korea and France, the United States and Japan illustrate the grim international situation facing North Korea. The second chapter mainly discusses the efforts made by Li Hongzhang and the personnel of the Chinese Embassy in Japan in persuading the opening of the port in North Korea under the relatively complex international situation in Northeast Asia. After the North Korean government decided to open Hong Kong, Li Hongzhang gave guidance on specific issues to help North Korea draw up the DPRK-US treaty and reach an agreement with North Korea on the contents of the agreement. The third chapter mainly expounds the negotiation between Li Hongzhang and Xue Fei on the treaty between the DPRK and the United States, which leads to the signing of the Treaty of Trade between the DPRK and the United States and the full opening of the DPRK to Hong Kong. At the same time, the content of the treaty is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each clause to North Korea are analyzed. The conclusion part briefly reviews the process of the Qing government guiding the opening of the port in Korea, and analyzes the role of Li Hongzhang in the negotiation between the DPRK and the United States and the role of the Qing government in the process of opening the port in the DPRK.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256.9

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