日本的甲午战争研究与“二元外交论”问题

发布时间：2019-08-17 19:10

【摘要】：该文前半部分对日本一个多世纪以来甲午战争研究的历史进行了梳理和分析。日本的甲午战争研究从甲午战争结束至今,经历了四个阶段。各个阶段都有其明显的特征和代表人物,并表现出批判性和继承性。日本学者在甲午战争研究中提出了"二元外交论",它不仅仅是甲午战争研究的一个具体观点,而且在一些日本学者那里已演化为一种对历史问题和现实政治的分析方法,影响到对日本一个多世纪以来一系列对外战争的定性评价。坚持"二元外交论"的结果,一是导致否定日本挑起甲午战争的必然性,二是把陆奥宗光傍强凌弱的外交策略歪曲为和平外交,甚至认为日本在"二战"中失败就是因为背离了陆奥所创造的"明治遗产"。该文后半部分从世界现代化史、日本近代对外战略演变及甲午战争开战实情三个方面对"二元外交论"进行剖析,对日本史学界甲午战争研究的主流观点进行了回应。
[Abstract]:In the first half of this paper, the history of the study of the Sino-Japanese War in Japan for more than a century was combed and analyzed. The study of the Sino-Japanese War in Japan has gone through four stages since the end of the Sino-Japanese War. Each stage has its obvious characteristics and representative figures, and shows criticism and inheritance. In the study of the Sino-Japanese War, Japanese scholars put forward the theory of dualistic diplomacy, which is not only a specific point of view in the study of the Sino-Japanese War, but also has evolved into an analytical method of historical problems and realistic politics among some Japanese scholars, which has affected the qualitative evaluation of a series of foreign wars in Japan for more than a century. The result of adhering to the "dual diplomacy theory" is, first, to negate the necessity of Japan provoking the Sino-Japanese War, second, to distort the diplomatic strategy of Lu Ozongguang's strength and weakness into peaceful diplomacy, and even to think that Japan's failure in World War II was due to a departure from the Meiji Heritage created by Lu and Austria. In the second half of this paper, the author analyzes the theory of dualistic diplomacy from three aspects: the history of world modernization, the evolution of Japan's modern foreign strategy and the facts of the Sino-Japanese War, and responds to the mainstream views of the study of the Sino-Japanese War in Japanese historians.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所;
【分类号】：K256.3

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