近代中国东北慈善救济事业研究（1861-1931）

发布时间：2018-01-06 19:27

本文关键词：近代中国东北慈善救济事业研究（1861-1931）　出处：《东北师范大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东北作为近代中国备受关注的地区,其慈善救济事业也随着社会性质的变化而变化。本文就以近代东北地区的慈善救济事业这一问题展开论述,分别从近代东北政府的慈善救济、民间的慈善救济、西方宗教的慈善救济以及官民协作的慈善救济四个方面展开论述,总体上共分为三个大部分,以总-分-总的形式详细论述了近代中国东北地区的各项慈善救济事业的发展概况。第一章是本文的总论部分,总体介绍了近代中国东北地区的慈善救济体系。近代东北地区政权更迭、灾荒频发,面对大量灾民、难民、贫民、游民等弱势群体的客观存在,东北地方政府根据中央各项救济制度,不断调整和完善救济行政体系、各类救济救灾法规以及行政、人事监督制度等相关制度法规,同时,加大对救济经费的投入,鼓励社会各界积极赈捐,有效指引各项救济救灾活动的开展,为当时各项救济事业提供了政策支持以及财力、人力的支持,从而促进了救济事业朝着系统化、制度化的方向发展。第二章至第五章是本文的主体部分,分别从政府、民间、宗教、官民协作四个方面论述了近代东北地区各类的慈善救济事业。第二章重点阐述近代东北地方政府主办的救济事业,主要表现在东北当局分别对贫民、老弱妇孺等展开施救行为,同时还注重医疗、工艺方面的救助,以保社会弱势群体能够在生存的基础上进行工艺技能的提升。第三章则侧重民间的慈善救济,民间的慈善救济主要是以团体的形式出现,他们都有一定的规模,承担一定的救济任务,是政府慈善救济的补充和拓展。第四章主要介绍了近代东北宗教的慈善救济,具体包括佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教、天主教等各类团体的慈善事业,通过各类宗教团体慈善事业的剖析,说明其慈善活动的本质属性。第五章主要论述了官民协办的慈善救济事业,分别阐述了近代东北地区的赈灾救荒事业、难民救济事业、移民救助事业以及清末的鼠疫防疫与救济事业,从不同的层面分析当时官民协作所开展的各项救济活动。第六章是论文的结论部分,也是对近代东北慈善救济事业的总体评述,客观地总结了近代东北开展的慈善救济事业的作用,救济行为不仅解决了东北地区的灾民和弱势群体的生存问题,通过“教养兼施”的先进救济模式,养教并重对各类弱势群体进行再教育,既稳定了社会民心又淳化了社会风气。同时,近代东北慈善救济事业也给我们带来了一定的历史启示,给今后的慈善救济事业以借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:As the modern northeast China areas of concern, the charity also varies with the nature of society. This paper takes the modern northeast charity career discusses the issues from the modern northeast government charity, folk charity, charity and charity of the Western religious cooperation between government and the public relief four aspects, on the whole is divided into three parts, with a total point total form is discussed in detail the development of the modern northeast China charitable relief cause.
The first chapter is the introduction part of this paper, introduces the modern northeast China charitable relief system. The modern northeast regime change, frequent famine, in the face of a large number of victims, refugees, poor, homeless and vulnerable groups exist, the Northeast local government relief system according to the central, continuously adjust and improve the administrative relief system, all kinds of relief disaster relief and administrative regulations, relevant laws and regulations, personnel supervision system at the same time, increase the relief funds, to encourage the community to actively guide the disaster relief relieve action, effective activities, provide policy support and financial resources for the various relief institutions, human support, so as to promote the relief towards systematic direction the development of the system.
The second chapter to the fifth chapter is the main part of this paper, separately from the government, folk religion, discusses all kinds of northeast modern philanthropy in four aspects of the cooperation between government and the public. The second chapter mainly elaborates the modern northeast local government sponsored relief institutions, mainly in the northeast of the poor, elderly and infirm to rescue behavior etc. at the same time, also pay attention to health care, technology assistance, in order to protect the social vulnerable groups can survive on the basis of skill improvement. The third chapter focus on the folk charity, the folk charity is mainly in the form of a group, they have a certain scale, take some relief tasks, and expand the government of charity. The fourth chapter mainly introduces the modern northeast religious charity, including Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Catholicism and other charitable organizations. Industry, through the analysis of various types of religious charity, the essential attribute of the charitable activities. The fifth chapter mainly discusses the cause of charity official and Co, respectively expounds the modern northeast relief, refugee relief, resettlement assistance and plague prevention and relief in the late Qing Dynasty, from different levels of analysis the government and the people at the time of the cooperation to carry out relief activities.
The sixth chapter is the conclusion part of the thesis, but also to the modern northeast charity career overall review, objectively summarize the modern northeast to carry out charitable relief role, not only solved the problem of survival of victims and vulnerable groups in Northeast China, through the "teach advanced mode and raise" relief, raising teaching of re education of vulnerable groups, both social stability and the people of Chunhua the society. At the same time, the modern northeast charity also gives us some historical enlightenment, to the charity career future reference.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K25;K293.5

【引证文献】