甘丹颇章时期噶伦喇嘛制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 11:42

本文关键词： 甘丹颇章地方政权噶伦喇嘛制度　出处：《西藏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青藏高原独特的自然环境、宗教信仰、文化特性等使藏民族在历史发展过程中逐渐形成了具有自身特点的社会制度。处在西藏历史发展过程中的重大转折点时期,建立的甘丹颇章地方政权,借鉴萨迦地方政权和帕木竹巴地方政权时期的行政制度,形成了活佛转世式政教合一为基本制度,其行政体制、职官制度等各方面具有甘丹颇章地方政权自身特点的新内容。噶伦喇嘛制度就是其中具有代表性的职官制度之一。西藏地方噶伦喇嘛制度历经一百四十多年的历史,从初期的设立、中期的废止和后期的恢复等一系列的有关历史过程中的变化不仅体现了甘丹颇章时期的政治制度,更表现出了具有地域特点的西藏地方政治制度的特殊性、时代性和限制性。并且体现了活佛与教派联合执掌政教权利,即政教合一制度下的僧俗官员职务分类的特点及承担的义务和享有的权力等,论述以上的过程也能体现其研究的价值。据笔者目前所收集到的关于噶伦喇嘛研究方面的资料而言,关于这方面的专门研究的文章屈指可数。以往在研究甘丹颇章时期政治制度、僧俗官员和贵族世家等内容时,或多或少涉及到有关噶伦喇嘛的内容,只是些零零散散的浮光掠影而已,因此,缺乏系统性和整体性的研究。笔者以搜集的史料或教法、传记、公文及文史资料等相关文献为依据,将其中涉及噶伦喇嘛的内容加以整理的基础上对噶伦喇嘛的活动进行较客观叙述,并探析噶伦喇嘛制度的历史地位和其对甘丹颇章时期的社会所起的正反两方面的作用及影响。故,以下是本论文的三个章节的组成部分:第一章由两个部分构成。首先由组成噶伦制度的四位噶伦中,被称为噶伦喇嘛的僧人,为何不称僧人噶伦而称噶伦喇嘛的原因入手。根据噶伦喇嘛之称谓在藏汉史料中不同记载,较详细地整理并分析了其特殊的称谓的缘由。接着在总结公元1751之前甘丹颇章时期为何把噶伦之称重置于行政官吏中的问题,最后较全面的剖析了建立噶伦喇嘛是以何种基础制度、政治立场和社会背景为目的而建立的。第二章由三个部分构成。首先论述了不同时期选拔僧俗官员的制度,并分析了其官邸和庄园的安排,以及噶伦喇嘛有别于他人的特殊着装及其内涵。其次分析了噶伦喇嘛制度的设置变化发展过程,即最先初设、中间废止、后来重设等的历史段和原因等。最后,通过比较论述了噶伦喇嘛与俗官噶伦、总管堪布和大仲译(秘书)等僧俗官员的职称及其特点。本论文的最后一章在根据各种史料和传记等相关资料的记载中,整理了噶伦喇嘛和代理噶伦喇嘛、额外噶伦喇嘛的数量并做了简要的介绍,且较全面的解析了噶伦喇嘛、代任喇嘛和额外噶伦喇嘛的区别。综上所述,最后以总结的形式来论证了噶伦喇嘛制度对甘丹颇章时期产生的影响和作用。
[Abstract]:The unique natural environment, religious beliefs and cultural characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have made the Tibetan people gradually form their own social systems in the course of historical development, and are at a major turning point in the course of the historical development of Tibet. Gantanpo local regime was established, drawing lessons from the local regime of Sakya and the local regime of Parmuzhuba, formed the living Buddha reincarnation of politics and religion as the basic system, its administrative system, The official system and other aspects are new contents with the characteristics of the local political power in Gandan. The Kellen Lama system is one of the representative official systems. The Tibetan local Kellen Lama system has a history of more than 140 years. From the establishment of the initial period, the abolition of the middle period and the restoration of the later period, a series of changes in the historical process not only reflected the political system of the period of Gandan Pak, but also showed the particularity of the local political system of Tibet with regional characteristics. In addition, it embodies the right of the living Buddha and the sects to jointly run the state and religion, that is, the characteristics of the classification of the posts of monks and vulgar officials under the system of unity of the state and religion, and the obligations and powers that they enjoy, and so on. The discussion of the above process can also reflect the value of its research. According to the data collected by the author on the study of the Kellon Lama, Few articles have been devoted to this area. In the past, when studying the political system, monks and customs officials, and aristocratic families during the period of Gandan Pak, it was more or less concerned with the contents of the Kellen Lama. It is only a few scattered flashes, therefore, there is a lack of systematic and holistic research. The author based on the collected historical materials or teaching methods, biographies, official documents and literary and historical materials and other relevant documents as the basis, On the basis of sorting out the contents of the Kellen Lama, the activities of the Kellen Lama are described objectively. It also analyzes the historical status of the Kellen Lama system and its positive and negative effects on the society in the period of Gandan Paozhang. The following are the components of the three chapters of this thesis: the first chapter is composed of two parts. Starting with the reasons for not calling the monk Gallon but the Kellen Lama. According to the different records in Tibetan and Han history, The reasons for its special appellation were sorted out and analyzed in more detail. Then, in summing up the question of why the name of Kellen was put back in the administrative officials during the period of Gantanpo before AD 1751, At last, it analyzes the basic system, political standpoint and social background of the Kellen Lama. The second chapter is composed of three parts. Firstly, the paper discusses the system of selecting monks and vulgar officials in different periods. It also analyzes the arrangement of the residence and manor, and the special dress and connotation of the Kellon Lama, which is different from others. Secondly, the paper analyzes the process of setting up and developing the system of the Kellon Lama, that is, it is first set up, and abolished in the middle. Finally, through the comparison of the Kellen Lama and the vulgar official, Kellon, In the last chapter of this paper, according to the records of various historical materials and biographies, the author arranges the Kellen Lama and the representative Kellen Lama. The number of additional Kellon lamas is introduced briefly, and the differences among the Kellen lamas, the substitute lamas and the extra Kellen lamas are analyzed in a more comprehensive way. Finally, in the form of summary, the influence and function of the Kellen Lama system on the period of Gandan Paozhang are demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：西藏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29

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